HomeMy WebLinkAboutCity Council Packet 02-24-1990 SpecialA G E N D A
CITY COUNCIL STUDY MEETING
Saturday, February 24, 1990
9:30 - Noon
I. Executive Session - Pending Litigation
II. Discussion of Tax Increment Financing (TIF) in Plymouth;
how it works, examples of current projects and potential projects
III. City Council Policy on Stop Sign Requests
IV. City Council Policy on Lock Outs
V. Strategy for dealing with "Deer Problem."
MEMORANDUM
TO: James G. Willis, City Manager
FROM: James Thomson, City Attorney
DATE: February 22, 1990
SUBJECT: Meeting with City Council on Pending Civil
Litigation Matters
I thought that it would be helpful if I briefly summarized
the background and status of the pending civil litigation
matters.
SPECIAL ASSESSMENT APPEALS
1. Project 408 (Dunkirk Lane).
Originally 23 landowners filed appeals. The City settled
with 13 property owners. The remaining appeals are all being
handled by one attorney. Through an agreement with that
attorney, one of the appeals was scheduled for trial, with the
expectation that the results of that trial would be used as a
basis for resolving the other appeals.
The trial on the parcel was held on March 15, 1988 and the
trial court upheld the full amount of. the City's assessment. The
property owner appealed that decision to the court of appeals and
the court of appeals upheld the trial court's decision. The
remaining property owners, however, were not willing to dismiss
their appeals. Therefore, a second parcel is currently being
prepared for trial, which we expect to be held this summer. We
have received a settlement offer for approximately 50% of the
City's assessment and we are waiting for the City's appraiser to
complete his report before responding to the settlement offer.
2. Project 544 (Fernbrook Lane).
We originally received two special assessment appeals
Porter and Begin). We settled the Porter appeal reassessing in
accordance with a change in the property's guiding.
We have reached an agreement on the Begin appeal. The
Begins and their attorney have signed the settlement documents
and the resolution approving the reassessment is on the February26agenda. Under the proposed settlement, the City will assess
the property at the rate consistent with its current single
family residential use (as opposed to its previous guiding of
1
LA -3) and will defer the balance of the assessments until the
property is developed.
3. Beqin Nuisance Abatement.
This appeal resulted from an action by the City Council
ordering the Begins to clean up the property located at 4300
Fernbrook Lane. The property contained several hundred junk
vehicles and miscellaneous auto parts and debris. The City and
Larry Begin entered into an agreement giving Mr. Begin a
specified time period to do the work. Under the terms of the
agreement, the City would do the work itself and assess the
property if Mr. Begin did not do the work. Mr. Begin did not
comply with the terms of the agreement and the City hired a
contractor to do the work. The cleanup costs, approximately
36,000, have been assessed against the property and an appeal
has been filed. We have been discussing a possible resolution
with the attorney for the Begins and we are waiting to hear back
from him.
4. O'Donnell Special Assessment Appeal (Project 648 - 10th
Avenue).
The owners of the trailer park on 10th Avenue have appealed
the assessment of approximately $101,000 against their property.
The City has retained an appraiser and we are waiting for his
report.
EMINENT DOMAIN CASES
1. Project 853 (City v. Cavanaugh).
This matter involves the acquisition of additional right-of-
way for Vicksburg Lane. The property owner was claiming damages
for loss of access to Highway 55 as a result of the median that
was constructed as part of the project. The City's position is
that there is no right to compensation for the construction of
the median. The City filed a summary judgment motion on that
issue, and the court ruled that there is a question of fact as to
whether construction of the median interferred with the property
owner's right of indirect access to Highway 55. We now have the
option of either requesting the court of appeals to review the
trial court's decision or proceeding to trial.
2. Project 250 (County Road 6).
This eminent domain matter involves acquisition of
additional right-of-way for County Road 6. The quick -take order
has been entered giving the City the right of possession. The
commissioners have completed their viewing, and we are waiting
for two of the property owners to complete their appraisal
reports. We expect the hearings to be scheduled in April, 1990.
2
3. Project 648 (13th Avenue North and Nathan Lane).
This project involves additional acquisition for Nathan
Lane. The eminent domain petition has been filed and the quick -
take order has been approved. The commissioners have completed
their viewings and the hearing. is being scheduled for April,
1990.
4. Project 912 (Harbor Lane).
This project involves the acquisition of an easement for
additional right-of-way for Harbor Lane. The City's appraised
value for the easement was $8,000. After the eminent domain
action was commenced, the staff was able to negotiate an
agreement with the property owner by which the City would pay
11,000 for the easement.
5. Project 833 (County Road 18).
This project involves acquiring additional right-of-way for
the frontage road along County Road 18. The City's appraised
value is $2,000 and the attorney for the owner has indicated that
his client is willing to accept that amount. We expect the
settlement to be finalized shortly.
MISCELLANEOUS LITIGATION
1. Bauer v. Citv of Plvmouth.
This lawsuit involved a dispute between Francis Bauer and
the Relief Association involving payment of retirement benefits.
The Relief Association and the Plaintiff have settled their
dispute and the case has been dismissed. The City did not
participate financially in the settlement.
2. Greg Begin v. City/City v. Greg Begin.
This matter involves the illegal depositing of fill material
from the I-394 project on Mr. Begin's property. The court
granted the City a temporary injunction prohibiting Mr. Begin
from depositing any additional fill material without first
obtaining a conditional use permit and grading permit from the
City. The court has denied any relief to Mr. Begin on his
lawsuit against the City. No further action has been taken on
the case since the temporary injunction was granted in July,
1989.
3. PPOW v. Joseph Alexander.
This lawsuit involves the construction project for Schmidt
Lake Road. The plaintiff brought an injunction action to
3
TAMES J. THOMSON, JR.
Attorney at Law
Direct Dial (612) 337-9209
February 21, 1990
Mr. James Willis
City Manager
City of Plymouth
3400 Plymouth Boulevard
Plymouth, MN 55447
Re: Schmidt Lake Road Claim
Dear Jim:
HOLMES & GRAVEN
CHARTERED
470 Pillsbury Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402
612)337-9300
I have contacted the attorneys for the Ekstrums, Ferraras, and
Runnakkos concerning their clients' claims for damages pertaining
to the Schmidt Lake Road construction project. I am enclosing a
copy of the most recent letter that I received from the Ekstrums'
attorney in which he sets forth his clients' request for payment
of $3,000. His letter also addresses why he believes the
installation of the electronic air cleaner is an item of damages
that should be considered as part of the claim.
I received a phone call from the attorney for the Ferraras in
which he informed me that his clients are requesting payment of
2,404. The attorney for the Runnakkos informs me that he will
provide me with a letter setting forth his clients' request
before the City Council meets to discuss this matter on February
24.
Sincerely,
J et Thomso r.
JJT/amm
Enclosure
PL100-32
Mr. James J. Thomson, Jr.
February 14, 1990
Page 2
Unfortunately, after the city undertook work in very close
proximity to the fresh air intake system, on and near my clients'
property, conditions inside the home became intolerable from the
standpoint of cleanliness. After having lived in the home for
one year without any need for an electronic air cleaner, my
clients had no choice but to make the expenditure to purchase
one. I strongly take issue with your comment that an electronic
air cleaner is a capital expenditure that will permanently
enhance the value of their home. If the city takes steps to
control any recurrence of this problem, there would be no future
need for an electronic air cleaner. Rather, the necessity for
this purchase was due to a condition that the city has warranted
will be only temporary. The necessity for an air cleaner should
disappear in the future. I trust that this additional
information adequately responds to your inquiries in this regard.
Finally, you have requested that I advise you in writing as to my
clients' "bottom line." In a spirit of compromise, my clients
are willing to discount their demand to the sum of $3,000. This
demand is communicated with the understanding that issues
relating to assessment for real estate taxes based upon the close
proximity of the highway to my clients' home and berm and
landscaping issues remain open. I understand that the City
Council will be taking up this matter in a closed session on
February 24 and not on February 26, as originally indicated.
Please let me know if you need any further information. I trust
that we will be able to bring this matter to an expeditious
solution.
Very truly yours,
U
I
Robert E. Salmon
RES:hjd
cc: Charles and Lorraine Ekstrum
STEPHEN J. BUBUL
Attorney at Law
Direct Dial (612) 337-9228
February 21, 1990
Mr. James Willis
City of Plymouth
3400 Plymouth Boulevard
Plymouth, MN 55447
Dear Jim:
7"'
HOLMES & GRAVEN
CHARTERED
470 Pillsbury Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402
612) 337-9300
Enclosed are three items regarding tax increment financing that
you may copy and mail to the City Council members before our
meeting on Saturday, February 24. This material contains a lot of
detail, but I think it is useful as reference.
Call me if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
Ste en J. Bubul
SJB/amm
Enclosures
PL100-32
rrom: PUBLICOPP INC. TEL No.612*341*3646 Feb. t,90 1b:Ub F'.Ub
TAX INCREMENT FINANCING
CUMULKnW TAX 1NCRrXENT DOLLARS PAYABLE
PROJECTION Of HENNEPIN COUNTY TREND
D
O 2.0
L
L
A
R 1.0
s
1
N 1.0
8
I
L 0.5
8 0.0 tt 1 —
r
1171 1100 1984 1980 1992 1994 2000
YEAR
Hennepin County hoard of Commissioners
January 1990
Table of Contents
The TIF Concept I
Attraction for Cities and Authorities I
Problems Must be Corrected Now 2
Current Trends 2
TIF Has Strayed Far From Original Purpose 3
TIF in the Suburbs 3
Questionable Use of TIF - Some Examples 4
Excessive Duration of TIF Districts 5
Pooling and Expansion of TIF Districts 5
Administrative Cost Reimbursement 5
Recapturing Tax Increment 5
Minneapolis' Proposed 1990 Refunding 6
and Fiscal Disparities - Two Programs at Cross Purposes 7
Recommendations 8
TIF Concept
TIF was orginally intended as a financing tool to combat severe blight in areas that wouldn't
be redeveloped "but for' the availability of government subsidies. As it has evolved, however,
T) F is no Ionger the special exception. It has been used by a growing number of jurisdictions
with increasing frequency, often for purposes unrelated to the original intent of the program.
The TIF concept typically works as follows:
Public assistance is provided by a city or redevelopment authority to a developer for site
acquisition and/or improvements preparatory to development.
The cost of this assistance (usually financed through the sale of bonds) is repaid frorn "tax
increments" occurring after development has begun. The tax increment is the difference
between the property taxes that are collected before the TIF district is certified and those
that are collected afterward. It includes inflation as well as the added value from improve-
ments.
increases in net tax capacity during the TIF district's life are "captured" by the district and
are unavailable to local taxing jurisdictions until the district is decertified. Districts created
after 1979 can last up to 25 years for housing and redevelopment or 10 years for economic
development. Pre -1979 districts may be continued until 2002, or until 2009 if new bonds
are issued before April 1990.
Before authorizing any type of TIF district, cities are required to determine that the pro-
posed development or redevelopment, "would not reasonably be expected to occur solely
through private investment within the reasonably forseeable future and therefore the use
of tax increment financing is necessary." (The "but for" test.)
Attraction for Cities and Authorities
The rapid escalation in the use of TIF is understandable in light of the characteristics of the
program and the environment in which it is used:
There is a 'self -awarded matching grant' effect inherent in TIF. Freezing the value in a
TIP district obligates all county taxpayers within and outside of the city containing the
district to pay the subsidy through higher property taxes. It also obligates state revenue
because state aid formulas are based on local tax capacity which excludes the captured
value in TIF districts. 'typically, the majority of the cost of tax increment subsidy is borne
by state, county and school district taxpayers who have no control over the decision to use
Tl F.
The public assistance that can be provided under TIC' is attractive to developers.
Understandably, developers shop around for the best deals, spurring intercity competition
and unnecessary subsidization.
Since 'Tl F commitments arc outside of the budget process, cities do not have to weigh the
costs against competing priorities. TIF costs arc largely hidden, pushed into the future, and
justified by the assumption that they will yield net growth.
Cities have found that they can use TIF to control the timing and shape of development --
often on choice vacant land.
Cities have found many creative ways to maximize their draw from successful TI F districts
that generate surplus increment. They have an economic incentive to extend these districts
as long as possible and use the surplus revenues to subsidize less successful districts or to
accomplish other city purposes.
Problems Must be Corrected Now
TIF has proven to be an effective tool for redevelopment, but its attractiveness to devel-
opers and cities in an environment of competition among cities has lead to out -of -control
growth.
TIF growth is eroding the tax base. The consequences -- higher tax rates for existing
properties, higher state taxes to finance the resulting increased intergovernmental aid pay-
ments, and reductions in important public services -- may have a dampening effect on eco-
nomic development that will far outweigh any stimulus provided by real estate subsidies.
Legislation in the last two sessions represents a modest step in the right direction, but fewer
than half of problems discussed in the Legislative Auditor's Report of 1986 have been ad-
dressed.
Current Trends
If the current pattern of growth in the use
of TIF is allowed to continue, all citizens
of Minnesota will pay a rapidly increasing
and unfair cost for subsidies that often are
not in the public interest. Counties and
school districts will increasingly be unable
to meet service needs as the growth in their
tax capacity is eroded.
The dollars received by 'rlF districts in
Hennepin County have grown an aver-
age of 25% per year since 1982.
0 On the present growth curve, annual
TIF collections in Hennepin . County
will increase from $96 million in 1989 to
180 million by 1994, and will rise to
350 million by the year. 2000.
If the present trend continues, cumula-
tive tax increment dollars (the sum of
all tax increments cumulative in
Hennepin County) will reach nearly $2
billion by the year 2000.
TAX INCREIIENT DOLLARS PAYABLE PER YEAR
PROJECTION Of CURRENT HENNEPIN COUNTY TREND
0
o Goo
L
l 490
A 400
8 350
1 300
N 250
W 400
I ISO
L 100
0 50
N OS
1174 1100 1154 1955 1102 1095 2000
YEAR
CU.UUUTM TAX INCREMENT DOLLARS PAYABLE
PROJECTION Of HENNEPIN COUNTY TREND
0 2.0
L
A
R 1.5
s
L 0.5
I
0
8 0.0
1070 MO 1184 1055 1002 1000 1000
YEAR
2
A rapidly growing percentage of the total
tax base in Hennepin County is being cap-
tured for use in real estate subsidies and for
other city purposes by individual cities with
no accountability to the broader county
electorate.
The percentage of Hennepin County's
tax base captured by TIF districts has
grown from 1 percent in 1980 to 9 per-
cent in 1990.
About $94 million of Hennepin Coun-
ty's $1 billion tax base will be captured
by TIF districts in 1990.
If the present trend continues, 16 per-
cent of the County's total tax base will
be captured by the year 2000.
TIF Has Strayed Far From Original Purpose
PERCENT,' OF TAX BASE IN HENNEPIN COUNTY
DICTSPROJECTOIONYOfAHENNEPINENT
COUNTYTRItREN0
YO
1e
1•
P14
R12
E10
N a
Te
4
2
0
197919ta 19/51162 1091 1914 1997 2000
YEAR
Liberalization in 1979 to permit economic development districts with no blight test spawned
intercity competition for subsidized development of choice, vacant suburban land.
TlF has been used by cities to affect the location, timing, and design of new development,
with little regard for whether it contributes to net regional growth.
Several studies have concluded that, while TIF may influence a developer's choice of 10.
cation, it rarely results in new economic activity that would not have occurred somewhere
else in the region.
Economists are in general agreement that subsidizing real estate development is not a cost
effective means to stimulate economic development.
TIE' in the Suburbs
There was extremely rapid growth in
suburban tax increment collections
from 1985 to 1989 (average increase of
37% per year).
TIF is frequently used by suburban
cities for infrastructure improvements
normally financed through special as-
sessments or gasoline taxes.
In addition to housing and redevelop-
ment projects, uses of TIF sometimes
include facilities for social, recreational,
or conference purposes, parks, and
parking structures.
K
TAX INCREMENT DOLLARS PAYABLE PER YEAR
MINNEAPOLIS VERSUS SUOU493
D 65
50
L 45
A
R 40
S 35
N 3O
25
1 20
L 15
L
1 10
0
6N
a 0
77 79 at 83 115 a7 59
YEAR
Questionable Use of TIF - Some Examples
St. Thomas College (Minneapolis) - Is it appropropriate to use tax increment to acquire a
square block near do-wntown as the campus for St. Thomas College? Bond of 58.8 million
is to be issued, to be financed by excess tax increment from Nieman Marcus. Colleges are
not subject to property tax on educational facilities.
Chanhassen - Were the best interests of Hennepin County taxpayers served when the city
of Chanhassen enlarged its development district in Hennepin County to include areas in
Carver County? By this action, TI r collections of $1.2 million were expended for develop-
ment in Carver County, adding tax base in another school district and county.
Centennial Lakes (Edina) - The $58 million bond issued for redevelopment of the Hedberg
ravel pit includes $8.7 million for land acquisition for park and right-of-way and S2 million
or HRA payment of park dedication fees. Is public subsidy to this degree reasonable and
necessary?
Plymouth - The city is issuing $50 million of bonds over a seven-year period to finance
construction of city, county and state roads that are needed to accommodate the demands
placed on the roadway system by the extensive development expected to occur in the area
by 199.
Calhoun Beach Partnership (Minneapolis) - As part of a settlement of a zoning dispute, the
city proposes to pay $3.1 million in tax increment to the developer to build a 12 -story
high-rise instead of the proposed 24 -story structure. Is this an appropriate use of TIF?
City Community Center (Chaska) - The City of Chaska recently used tax increment to
construct a $8.2 million community center. The center consists of a multi-purpose com-
munity room, a swir hung pool complex, a gymnasium, an ice skating arena, racquetball
courts, a wet and dry craft area, a weight and conditioning room, and a jogging track.
Excess tax increment from an existing tax increment district will fund the bond issue.
Carlton Dinner Theatre (Bloomington) - In 1988, the city acquired a 15.5 acre site adjacent
to the Mega Mall and created a TIF district. An appendix to the TIT' plan indicates that
the site is a prime candidate for redevelopment to a high intensity office or hotel use in the
near future.
4
Excessive Duration of TIF Districts
The limit of 25 years for new redevelopment districts is excessive. Most other states limit
such districts to 20 years.
Some pre -1979 districts may have a maximum legal life of 38 years. Property will again be
ready for redevelopment.by the time it is released to the general tax base. The pre -1979
TI r districts in Minneapolis receive tax increments in excess of $42 million per year.
A very large number of taxpayers will not live long enough to enjoy the tax benefits ex-
pected to accrue from the TIF projects that they subsidized.
Pooling and Expansion of TIF Districts
The ability of cities to pool TIF districts encourages them to prolong successful districts.
Surplus in stronger districts is used to pay deficits in weaker ones.
In 1983, Minneapolis transferred $10,500,000 in interest earnings from the City Center
Project Fund to the development account of the Minneapolis Community Development
Agency for use in other areas instead of spending it in the City Center district or for early
retirement of the bonds.
In 1984, Minneapolis refunded and pooled its TIF districts, committing to ternunate
pre -1979 districts by 2002 and to share 50% of excess increments with the County and the
School District.
The proposed 1990 refunding (Minneapolis Common Project) extends the districts to 2009
and repeals the sharing of excess increments. City staff calculate that $421 million of tax
increment will be gained by the MCRA from these changes.
The COnunon Project would expand the project areas in which increments may be expended
to comprise all existing project areas and districts.
Administrative Cost Reimbursement
Current law seems to encourage cities to continue TIF districts in order to recover re-
imbursement for administrative overhead.
The City of Minneapolis charges administrative cost of S6 to $7 million per year for all
districts. Significant amounts also occurred in Hennepin County suburbs, in some cases
where projects have been substantially completed.
Recapturing Tax Increment
Pities can recapture tax increment by repayment of loans, grants, service fees, interest rate
reduction programs, equity programs, etc.
Cities receive the recaptured amounts without restriction and may use them exclusively for
city purposes.
Minneapolis,* Proposed 1990 Refunding
The City of Minneapolis plans to refund all of its TIF' districts with capital appreciation bonds,
using the short-term reduction in debt service to fund a 20 year neighborhood revitalization
program. The city does have significant social service and physical redevelopment needs, but
the planned diversion of millions of dollars in tax increment from the jurisdictions responsible
for education and human services is not consistent with the goal of neighborhood revitalization.
The proposed debt schedule postpones
interest and principal payments, making
significant 'I'll~ revenues available for
neighborhood revitalization. projects
during the years 1990 to 2000.
Total interest payments for existing TI F
projects will be- increased by $92
million.
Because of state aid formulas and con-
tinued diversion of property tax from
other taxing jurisdictions, Minneapolis
is, in effect, proposing to award itself a
very large grant from non -Minneapolis
taxpayers. Other cities will be tempted
to follow suit.
Assuming 5% annual inflation,
Minneapolis' TIF collections under this
plan would increase from $50 million in
1959 to $160 million in 2009, even with
no additional TIF projects beyond
those already approved.
H1 M"0119 DEBT SERME — TIP Ii rUNDING ONLY
1tB4 VERSUS 11100 REFUN0IN0 PR04RAMS
loop RErUNDINo
0 40
L
L
A
R 30 1464 REFUNDING
I
N 20
W
1155 t990 1995 4000 4005 4010
YEAR
Total Principat and Interest (in Millions):
Principal Interest
1984 Refunding $141 $119
1990 Rounding $126 $211
PROJECTED TAX INCREMENT DOLLARS — MINNEAPOLIS
AW0UM9! "GOMMON PROJECT" bM INrLA71CN, AND
NO NEW PRO ECT6 OTHER THAN THOSE rREBENTLY APPROVED
200
0
O
L
L
A 100
R
i
N 100
M
I
L
L s0
EN
6
TIF and Fiscal Disparities • Two Programs at Cross Purposes
0 Whereas the Fiscal Disparities program seeks to restrain intergovernmental competition for
commercial and industrial development by redistributing the proceeds of growth, the TIF
program provides cities with the ability to attract development for themselves through
public subsidies.
Once again, sorne counties and school districts are big losers. They are in the intolerable
position of having to make Fiscal Disparities contributions on growth that is locked up in
TIF districts. This is patently unfair to taxpayers.
Recommendations
1. The "but for" test should be tightened.
The test should meet the economic development needs of a geographic area larger than
the city, itself.
The county, the school district, and perhaps the State of Minnesota should make
findings that the "but for" test is met.
2. There should be a capping mechanism to limit the percentage of tax capacity which can be
captured by tax increment districts within a city.
The neighboring states of Wisconsin, North Dakota, and South Dakota all limit the
percentage of tax base that a city can capture in '1'1 F districts to S percent. Several
cities in Hennepin County have captured more than 10 percent.
3. NeNi economic development districts should be permitted only in areas of severe economic dis-
tress and limited to job creating industrial facilities.
4. The duration of all redevelopment districts, pre -1979 as well as post -1979, should be reduced,
and the window of opportunity to issue bonds on pre -1979 districts should be closed.
5. More controls are needed over the generation and use of surplus tax increment from successful
districts.
The prohibition on expanding TII~ districts after five years from the date of creation
should apply to project areas, as well. Currently excess tax increment may be spent
outside the TIF district simply by enlarging the project area.
All projects in TIF districts should be completed within five years after districts are
created. Thereafter, tax increment should be collected only to pay for debt service and
other project costs incurred during the first five years of the project's life.
Pre -1979 districts should not be permitted to refund bonds after December 31, 1989,
or issue new bonds, pledge increment, or incur new project costs after March 1, 1990.
Thereafter, tax increment should be collected only to pay project costs, pay debt or
escrow for debt. Any excess should be distributed to the major taxing districts.
6. Counties and school districts should be given a substantive role in the approval of nervi districts.
The county and school district should have the authority to veto TIF districts which
they deem not to be in the best interest of the entire community.
Alternatively, the county or school district portion of the tax levy cannot be captured
unless the respective taxing districts approve.
M
7. Administrative cost reimbursement from TIF sources should be reviewed for abuse or potential
abuse.
Administrative costs should be recovered only during the planning and implementation
stages of new projects, during the first Five years of the T11~ district's life.
8. Counties should be reimbursed for their TIF administrative costs for all TIF districts, not just
those created after May 1, 1988 as presently required.
9. Cities which recapture tax increment should share the recovery with the major taxing districts
in proportion to the districts' respective tax levies.
10. Counties and school districts should not bear the burden of fiscal disparity contributions on
growth in tax increment districts.
New "FIF districts should receive tax increment net after reduction for fiscal disparity
contributions.
11. Existing TIF districts should receive reduced tax increment to the extent that the tax incre-
ment and fiscal disparity contribution of the district exceeds 100 percent of the property tax
payable on parcels in the district.
12. Minnesota Statutes sections 469.043 and 469,181 and similar laws which permit cities to abate
or defer property tax without concurrence of the county, school district and the commissioner
of revenue should be repealed.
13. Tax increment should not be used to finance construction or or renovation of city -owned fa-
cilities used for social, recreational, or conference purposes.
9
S. A Hypothetical Tax Increment District — in context
City boundary
Parcel 1 Parcel 2
Parcel 3 Parcel 4
tropolis Tax
Increment District
Alpha Bravo
a. Original Tax Capacity - February, 1989
Parcel 1 Parcel 2
50,000 FMV $50,000 FMV
1,650 OTC $ 1,650 OTC
Parcel 3
50,000 FMV
1,650 OTC
Parcel 4
50,000 FMV
1,650 OTC
Minnetropolis Tax
Increment District
Alpha Bravo
1) Each parcel has $50,000 Fair Market Value
2) Fair Market Value of district is $200,000 ($50,]00 + $50,000 +
50,000 + $50,000)
3) Tax capacity of district is 3.3% times $200,000 or $6,600.
4) Base tax capacity of district is $6,600, or $1,650 per parcel.
5) These values are as of January 2, 1988, since 1989 equalization
process is not completed.
8-
b. The Proposal
1) Can't Miss Development Company wants the Minnetropolis Urban
Renewal Authority to:
Public Activity Public Cost
Buy Parcel 1 75,000
Demolish buildings 10,000
Relocate owner's (Ralph's
Pretty Good Grocery)
business 10,000
Provide new utilities 25,000
Provide site preparation 10,000
Public Costs 130,000
2) Can't Miss Development Company wants the prepared site for
50,000, which it will pay upon conveyance.
3) The Company proposes to build a 10,000 square foot office
building at a cost of $50 per foot. Estimated fair market value
of land and buildings after completion is $550,000.
4) Construction to start as soon as land delivered (assume March 1,
1990) and completed October 1, 1990.
c. Estimated Taxes and Increment From Parcel 1 - 1990
1) If construction complete October 1, 1990, it will be assessed as
of January 2, 1991 for taxes payable 1992. First tax increment
from construction will be collected in 1992.
2) $550,000 FMV
100,000 x class rate 3.10% _ $ 3,100
450,000 x class rate 4.95% _ $22,275
Total tax capacity $25,375
tax capacity rate
assumed) x 1.2
Total Tax $30,450
3) $1,650 (OTC) x 1.2 (tax capacity rate) _ $1,980 base taxes
9-
4) $23,725 (CTC) x 1.2 (tax capacity rate) = $28,470 tax increment
d. The Estimated Increment from the District
Parcel 1
550,000 FMV
25,375 TTC
1,650 OTC
23,725 CTC
Parcel 3
50,000 FMV
1,650 TTC
1,650 OTC
0 CTC
Parcel 2
50,000 FMV
S 1,650 TTC
S 1,650 OTC
0 CTC
Parcel 4
50,000 FMV
1,650 TTC
1,650 OTC
0 CTC
1) $550,000 fair market value in 1991 translates to $25,375 tax
capacity for pay 1992. ($100,000 x 3.1%) + ($450,000 x 4.95%)
See chart, page 2.
2) Assume other parcels have remained unchanged and tax capacity
rate still at 1.2.
3) Looking at the entire 4 parcel district:
Original tax capacity
1,650 + 1,650 + 1,650 + 1,650)
Current tax capacity
25,375 + 1,650 + 1,650 + 1,650)
Total taxes
30,325 x. 1.2)
Base taxes
6,600 x. 1.2)
Tax Increment
23,725 x 1.2)
or
36,390 - 7,920)
10-
6,600
30,325
36,390
7,920
28,470
d.1 District Cash Flow - 20 years
Project Proceeds: 130,800
Tau
Year Increment
1989 0
1990 0
1991 0
1992 28,470
1993 28,470
1994 28,470
1995 28,470
1996 28,470
1997 28,470
1998 28,470
1999 28,470
2000 28,470
2001 28,470
2002 28,470
2003 28,470
i 2004 28,470
2005 28,470
2006 28,470
2007 28,470
2008 28,470
483,990
11-
e. The Budget
1. $130,000 in "front-end" costs - bond funded
2. Underwriters tell us that to finance this with tax increment revenue
bonds over a 20 year term, additional costs:
22,000 debt service reserve
52,800 capitalized interest
4,400 underwriter's discount
10,000 closing costs
3. Total bond issue must be approximately $220,000
4. Underwriter says to expect a net interest cost on bonds of 8%.
12-
e.
1
District Pro Forma
City of Ninnatropolis
Principal Amounts 220,000 Principal Amount: 220,000
Interest Rates 4.0000% Closing Coats: 10,000
Tom In Years: 20 sand Disco 2.0% 4,400
Cap. Interest Years: 3 Cap. Interest 52,800
Reinwstaent Rate 6.00% Debt feiw. 10.0% 22,000
Project Proceeds: 130,800
Tax Cap Principal Interest Interest Total Balance T.T.D. '
Year Increment Interest Payment Factor Payment Payw t E.O.Y. Balance '
m•rt•••+ *••H+* mi•+** m: • *s*•sH hr•m••m+st••t• s+m*+*s wrn+•
1989 0 17,600 0 17,600 17,600 0 0 *
1990 0 17,600 0 17,600 17,600 0 0 '
1991 0 17,600 0 17,600 17,600 0 0 •
1992 28,470 0 5,000 400 17,600 22,600 5,870 5,870 -
1993 28,470 0 5,000 400 17,200 22,200 6,270 12,492 *
1994 28,470 0 5,000 400 16,800 21,800 6,670 19,912 *
1995 28,470 0 10,000 800 16,400 26,400 2,070 23,176 *
1996 28,470 0 10,000 800 15,600 25,600 2,870 27,437 '
1997 28,470 0 10,000 800 14,800 24,800 3,670 32,753 *
1996 28,470 0 10,000 800 14,000 24,000 4,470 39,188 -
1999 28,470 0 10,000 800 13,200 23,200 5,270 46,810
2000 28,470 0 10,000 800 12,400 22,400 6,070 55,688 *
2001 28,470 0 15,000 1200 11,600 26,600 1,870 60,900 •
2002 28,470 0 15,000 1200 10,400 25,400 3,070 67,624 *
2003 28,470 0 15,000 1200 9,200 24,200 4,270 75,951 '
2004 28,470 0 15,000 1200 8,000 23,000 5,470 85,978 *
2005 28,470 0 20,000 1600 6,800 26,800 1,670 92,807 *
2006 28,470 0 20,000 1600 5,200 25,200 3,270 101,645 *
2007 28,470 0 20,000 1600 3,600 23,600 4,870 112,614 '
2008 28,470 0 25,000 2000 2,000 27,000 1,470 120,841 *
13-
APPENDIX C
TAX INCREMENT GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Abatement. A legal process by which a property owner contests the value
placed on the property by the city or county assessor. If the result of the owners
challenge is a reduction in value, the value is said to have been "abated".
Amortization schedule. A schedule of principal and interest payments which
shows a gradual pay-off of debt.
Arbitrage. With respect to municipal bonds, the practice of investing tax
exempt bond proceeds in taxable investments for the purpose of recognizing a
prof it.
Assessment agreement. An agreement between a developer, a city or
authority and the assessor which by preagreement establishes the minimum fair
market value for tax purposes to be assigned a particular property upon completion
of improvements thereon.
Assessment date. The date as of which the assessment process determines
fair market value.
Assessment process. Most states provide that the assessor's initial estimate
of fair market value be subject to a series of reviews, appeals, hearings and
adjustments before finally determined. This process can take up to twelve months.
Assessor. The person or persons responsible for making an initial appraisal
of value with respect to real property and, in some cases, personal property.
Authority. Many state statutes provide for the creation of independent or
quasi -independent boards to carry out local development, redevelopment and
housing activities. These may be housing authorities, redevelopment authorities,
housing and redevelopment authorities, slum clearance authorities, correction
development authorities, port authorities, etc. In Minnesota they are housing and
redevelopment authorities, economic development authorities, community
development authorities, rural development finance authorities and port
authorities. Often, these authorities are given the power to utilize tax increment
financing.
Blight. A legal term used to describe the physical condition of deteriorated
property. "Blighted area" is defined in Section 469.002, Subd. 11 of the housing and
redevelopment authority law as:
it. .. any area with buildings or improvements which, by reason of
dilapidation, obsolescence, overcrowding, faulty arrangement or
design, lack of ventilation, light and sanitary facilities, excessive
land coverage, deleterious land use, or obsolete layout, or any
combination of these or other factors, are detrimental to the safety,
health, morals, or welfare of the community."
Appendix C-1
Blighting influences. A term used to described conditions which do not
constitute "blight," but which, if left unattended, will develop into blight. Such
conditions include incompatible land uses, inadequate streets, excessive densities,
economic obsolescence, etc.
But for." A term used to describe the concept that if tax increment
financing was not being used to assist a private development that development
would not occur, i.e. "but for" tax increment financing the project would not be
undertaken. Used in Minnesota to describe the city council finding required by
Section 469.175, Subd. 3(2).
Capitalized interest. A portion of the proceeds of a bond issue set aside to
pay interest on the bonds until the project funded by the bonds is operating and
paying revenues (taxes, in the tax increment context).
Captured tax capacity. Captured tax capacity is current tax capacity minus
original tax capacity. It represents the increase in tax capacity of a tax increment
district following certification of the district.
Certification. The term used to describe the formal process of notifying the
taxing authorities that the tax increment district is in place. It refers to the
certifying of the original tax capacity as the starting point of the district.
Class rate. Most state tax different types of real property at different
rates, e.g. commercial, industrial, housing, etc. A common mechanism for
legislating such distinctions is the assessment classification or class rate. Each
classification represents a percentage to be multiplied times fair market value of
that type of property in order to produce "assessed value". In Minnesota, the same
result is accomplished by multiplying tax capacity ratios times equalized market
values.
Combined tax capacity rate. This is the cumulative total tax capacity rate
of all taxing jurisdictions which levy against a specified property, usually including
city or town, school district, county and any special taxing districts.
Coverage. The concept that estimated annual tax increment revenues
should exceed annual tax increment bond debt service by a certain percentage. For
example, "12546 coverage" means that revenues are predicted to equal 125% of
annual principal and interest payments on the bonds.
Credit enhancement. A third party guarantee of debt service on a bond
issue, such as a Letter of Credit or insurance.
Debt service. Principal and interest payments on an outstandin- bond issue.
Development agreement. The contract entered into between the city,
county or authority and the private developer. It typically controls timing,
description of public and private improvements, guarantees, etc.
Equalized value. This refers to fair market values for ad valorem tax
purposes which have undergone a series of reviews and formulas in order to assure
that different assessors in different parts of a state are equally assessing.
Minnesota studies sales records to determine what percentage of actual market
Appendix C-2
sales tends to be reflected in assessor fair market value, and applies these "sales
ratios" in the equalization process.
Excess tax increment. A term applied to tax increment which is generally
in excess of what is needed either to pay debt service on outstanding tax increment
bonds or to pay remaining public redevelopment costs.
Exclusive negotiations agreement. A preliminary development agreement
which is often no more than an agreement to agree. It generally affords a
developer a period of time to put a development proposal together and negotiate a
final agreement without fear of losing the proposed site to another developer.
Fair market value. Also known by such terms as "market value" or "assessed
market value," it represents the assessor's best judgment as to fair market value of
real property.
Fiscal disparities. A system of taxation which exists in the 7 -county
metropolitan area whereby newly created taxable value from
commercial/industrial properties is partially pooled on a metropolitan basis and
taxes generated therefrom are distributed on a formula need basis rather than
where the generating property was located. The mechanism is contained in
Minnesota Statutes, Chapter 472F.
Infrastructure. A term generally used to described the public works
components of a city or town, such as streets, sewers, sidewalks, etc.
Knock -down." Also known as "drop out" provisions, these are statutory
requirements that parcels within a tax increment district be improved within
specified periods or they "drop out" of the district, i.e. improvements must be
knocked -down" or the parcel is eliminated from the district. It is used to prohibit
the mere collection of increments generated from inflation. See, Section 469.176,
Subd. 6 of the Minnesota tax increment law.
Letter of Credit. A commitment by a financial institution to pay a stated
sum to the holder upon a stated event.
Net debt. Debt the amount of which is limited by Minnesota Statutes,
Chapter 475 tax increment bonds are generally not subject to these limitations.
Original tax capacity. Also known as "base value," or "frozen value,"
original tax capacity is the tax capacity of taxable property within the tax
increment district at the time of certification. It is the original tax capacity
which continues to be available to the all applicable taxing jurisdictions during the
duration of the district.
Parity bonds. Bonds which are secured by an equal lien with other bonds on
revenue sources or property pledged to the repayment of debt.
Pay-as-you-go." A term applied to tax increment districts which are not
bonded but in which increment attributable to private development generated
through other than tax increment inducements is used as collected to generate
further development.
Appendix C-3
Pooling. Permitting tax increment from one district to be applied to meet
the project needs of another district.
Pre 1979 districts. Those tax increment districts created and certified prior
to August 1, 1979. This was the date that the tax increment laws contained in
Sections 469.174-469.178 went into effect and changed many of the ways tax
increment financing was to be carried out.
Prior planned improvements. Improvements which had been planned by the
private sector before creation of a tax increment district. Some statutes preclude
these from inclusion in a tax increment district. Minnesota's law limits but does
not eliminate the ability to treat taxes on such improvements as tax increment.
See Minnesota Statutes, Section 469.177, Subd.4.
Project area. Most redevelopment statutes authorize the designation of a
geographic area within which the city, county or authority is empowered to carry
out development, redevelopment or housing activities. These are collectively
called project areas, and may or may not be co -terminous with an applicable tax
increment district.
Public redevelopment costs. Public costs authorized by state law to be
incurred by the city, county or authority in connection with a project area.
Although most statutes do not specifically define these, the law governing
economic development authorities, Section 469.090, Subd. 5 defines "cost of
redevelopment" as (1) acquiring property, whether by purchase, lease,
condemnation, or otherwise; (2) demolishing or removing structures or other
improvements on acquired properties; (3) correcting soil deficiencies necessary to
develop or use the property for an appropriate use as determined by the authority;
4) constructing or installing public improvements, including streets, roads, and
utilities; (5) providing relocation benefits to the occupants of acquired properties;
6) planning, engineering, legal and other services necessary to carry out the
functions listed in clauses (1) to (5); and (7) the allocated administrative expenses
of the authority for the project.
Redevelopment plan. Most state statutes require that designation of a
project area be accompanied by adoption of a redevelopment plan for the area,
describing land uses, acquisition plans, relocation provisions, public improvements,
method of financing, etc. See Section 469.002, Subd. 16 of the housing and
redevelopment authority law.
Refunding. The sale of a new issue of bonds in order to pay off a previously
issued series of bonds. If the previously issued bonds cannot be paid off within a
certain period of time after the new bonds are issued, the prior bonds are said to be
advance" refunded.
Relocation benefits. Payments and services required by federal law to be
paid to persons and businesses displaced by governmental action with federal funds
or in accordance with many state laws if no federal funds are involved.
Tax capacity. Prior to 1988, known as "assessed value" tax capacity is the
product derived by multiplying equalized market value times a tax capacity ratio.
For example, the ratio for commercial property in Minnesota for taxes payable in
1989 is 3.3 percent of the first $100,000 and 5.25 percent thereafter, so that
Appendix C-4
S200,000 of fair market value would generate $8,550 of tax capacity. It is tax
capacity against which tax capacity rates are applied to generate tax dollars.
Tax capacity rate. The rate at which tax capacity is taxed by the taxing
jurisdiction for purposes of generating sufficient tax dollars to pay budgeted
expenditures, generally expressed in dollars per thousand of assessed value, but in
Minnesota expressed a multiple of tax capacity.
Tax exempt property. Property which by state law is not required to pay ad
valorem taxes; typically church owned, publicly -owned, utility -owned and, in some
cases, nonprofit owned.
Tax increment. Generally the product derived from multiplying the current
mill rate times captured assessed value.
Tax increment district. Most statutes require the creation of a district
boundary within which the tax increment mechanism is put in place. Most often
this will be co -terminous with a project area, but not in all cases.
Tax increment general obligation bonds. Local government bonds issued to
finance public redevelopment costs incurred in connection with a project area,
payment to which is pledged both anticipated tax increment and the full faith and
credit and taxing power of the issuer.
Tax increment plans. Minnesota requires that the use of tax increment be
preceded by the adoption of a plan describing such terms as duration of the
district, tax impacts upon taxing jurisdictions, anticipated indebtedness, etc. This
may or may not be a part of a redevelopment plan. State statutes differ regarding
the ability and procedure for amending these plans.
Tax increment revenue bonds. Local government bonds issued to finance
public redevelopment costs incurred in connection with a project area, payment to
which is pledged specific revenues, including anticipated tax increments, but not
including the full faith and credit of the issuer.
Tax payments. Tax increment is paid to the city, coun-Ly or authority as a
part of general ad valorem tax payments. In most states tax payments are due
semi-annually, such as on May 15th and October 15th.
Temporary bonds. Also called "temporaries" or "temps," these are short-
term bonds the proceeds of which are used for public redevelopment costs and
which are intended to be refunded or refinanced with permanent bonds before or at
the time the temporary bonds mature. Sometimes temporaries will be general
obligation bonds which will be refunded with tax increment revenue bonds once the
tax increment cash flow exists.
Appendix C-5
CITY OF PLYMOUTH
3400 PLYMOUTH BLVD., PLYMOUTH, MINNESOTA 55447
TELEPHONE (612) 559-2800
MEMO
DATE: February 22, 1990
TO: Mayor & City Council
FROM: James G. Willis, City Manager
SUBJECT STOP SIGN POLICY
The City Council directed that the question of the City Stop Sign Policy be
placed upon the Special Council Meeting Agenda for Saturday, February 24.
Attached is a memorandum from Dan Faulkner, City Engineer, to Fred Moore,
which discusses his findings with respect to the stop sign policies in adja-
cent communities. Attached to Dan's memorandum is one of the few policies
he was able to find in operation in the twin city area. Also attached is a
copy of the City's existing policy concerning requests for stop sign instal-
lation.
The Council may wish to consider whether it desires to reformat the existing
policy into one which is more like that used by Robbinsdale and whether or
not the Council desires to formulate a committee consisting of represen-
tatives from Engineering, Police, and Planning to evaluate formal requests
and formulate recommendations to the Council. As suggested by Dan Faulkner,
the committee would be convened only to consider those requests which are
gray area" requests from a warrant standpoint. and those requests which have
been denied by the City Engineer and are being appealed to the City Council.
I have asked Fred Moore to be present at the meeting to be prepared to
discuss this proposal further with the Council, as well as to respond to any
questions you may have.
JW:kec
MEMO
CITY OF PLYMOUTH
3400 PLYMOUTH BOULEVARD, PLYMOUTH, MINNESOTA 55447
DATE: January 16, 1990
TO: red G. Moore, Director of Public Works
FROM: Daniel L. Faulkner, City Engineer
SUBJECT: STOP SIGN POLICY
On November 6, 1989, the City Council suspended the policy concerning
requests for stop sign installation. You, subsequently, requested that I
survey a number of cities similar in size to Plymouth in order to
determine their policy on all -way stop sign requests in residential areas.
The stop sign policy in the following communities is simply to follow the
state warrants as established in the Minnesota Manual on Uniform Traffic
Control Devices. These communities are:
Maple Grove
St. Louis Park
Eagan
Eden Prairie
Minnetonka
Brooklyn Park
Some of these communities do have the necessary hardware to obtain speed
and volume information when a stop sign request is made. The hardware is
similar to the old traffic counter boxes with air hoses extending across
the traffic lanes, but they are more sophisticated today and can also
obtain speed information. Some of the cities that utilize this type of
equipment include
Maple Grove
Eden Prairie
Minnetonka
The City of Robbinsdale is one of the few cities that has a separate
policy regarding stop sign installation and removal of stop signs. I am
attaching a copy of this policy and the cover letter from Lee Gustafson,
their Public Works Director. The essence of the policy is to require a
high number of signatures on a petition in order to circumvent very
localized requests.
The cities of Richfield and White Bear Lake both utilize committees to
evaluate stop sign requests. The committees are comprised of the Police
Chief and Public Works Director at a minimum. In the case of Richfield,
the City Council has passed a resolution transferring power to authorize
SUBJECT: STOP SIGN POLICY
January 16, 1990
Page Two
the stop sign requests to the City Manager. The City Manager in turn
receives reports on all requests from the traffic control committee before
he makes a decision. While there is some question of the legality of the
City Manager rather than the City Council making these decisions, the City
of Richfield has not yet been challenged.
In the case of all other cities interviewed, the decision lies with their
respective City Councils.
In the case of most cities interviewed, the predominant request for stop
signs is for speed control. The common response of the respective cities
was that they do not consider stop signs for speed control and by and
large are supported by their respective City Councils. It is my
recommendation that the City of Plymouth adopt a stop sign policy based on
the state warrants as established in the MUTCD. In addition, a committee
should be formed with representatives from Engineering, the Police
Department and the Community Development Department in order to evaluate
all formal requests and formulate a recommendation to the City Council.
With a committee approach, I feel that the City Council would provide a
higher level of support to the staff recommendation. All requests should
continue to be made in writing to the City Engineer. The committee would
only be convened to consider those requests which are in the "gray area"
from a warrant standpoint and also requests which have been denied by the
City Engineer and are now being appealed to the City Council.
By copy of this memorandum to Ken Johnson, I am requesting that he contact
the cities of Eden Prairie, Minnetonka, and Maple Grove in order to obtain
more information about their speed and traffic counting devices. I feel
that we could utilize these devices in order to obtain more concrete
information with regard to speed and traffic volumes and thereby support
our stop sign recommendations more forcefully.
DLF:kh
attachment
cc: Ken Johnson, Engineering Aide
Darrell Johnson, Senior Engineering Technician
STOP SIGN INSTALLATION AND REMOVAL POLICY
PURPOSE
To provide a uniform policy to control the installation and removal of
stop signs.
INTRODUCTION
To be effective, a stop sign must be used at the right place and under the
right circumstances. Problems often arise when the conditions of an inter-
section -do not meet State and Federal standards for warranting stop sign
installations.
Studies indicate that when stop signs are installed to control speed the
problems encountered include:
A high incidence of intentional violations.
Noise levels at intersections increase.
When enforcement of the intersection is observed, most of
the citations are issued to nearby residents who may have
campaigned for the sign in the first place.
Speed reduction will take place at the stop sign; however,
the speed between intersections increases. Hence, accidents _
can increase, not diminish.
In addition, stop signs increase air pollution, increase gas consumption, and
generally increase vehicle operating costs. By obeying stop signs, motorists
consume an additional 1,000 gallons of fuel per stop sign per year. (Based on
1,000 ADT) Hence, the 335 stop signs now in Robbinsdale are responsible for
adding an estimated 335,000 gallons of fuel per year to the public's fuel bill.
This amount would supply an average full serve service station with enough fuel
for an entire year.
Future problems can be avoided by following the guidelines set forth in this
policy. Portions of the guidelines are taken from State and Federal policies
that warrant stop sign installations. Some of the.conditions that are looked
at for warranting a stop sign are:
Intersection of a less important road with a main road where
application of the normal right-of-way is unduly hazardous.
Resolution No. 3467 Page 2 of 4
Street entering a through highway or street.
Unsignalized intersection in a signalized area.
Other intersections where a,combination of high speed, restricted
view, and serious accident record indicate a need for control by
a stop sign.
High rate of pedestrian traffic.
For a stop sign to be installed the above conditions must govern. The installation
must lead to an improvement in safety with the sign rather than a detriment.
POLICY PROVISIONS
A. Definitions.
1. Mid Block - all areas of a block excluding intersections.
2. Major Street - any State, County, or State Aid roadway.
any municipal street other than above having a
superior traffic count to the intersecting street.
B. How Installations Are Requested..
1. If recommended by the City Engineer.
2. If a petition is submitted to the City Council containing a3-1 of
the following:
a. The signatures of 51% of residents whose property lies within a
135 foot radius from the intersecting street centerlines.
b. The signatures of 51 percent of the remaining residents up to
the adjacent intersections that abut the intersecting streets.
C. Prohibited Installations.
1. Mid Block.
2. Alley Junction.
3. Alley intersection with a street.
4. Uphill or downhill grades that constitute a stopping hazard as
determined by the City Engineer.
5. Stop sign request based on mitigating illegal sight obstructions.
Trees, shrubs, fences,.etc.)
Resolution No. 3467 Page 3 of 4
6. Installing 4 -way stop signs that do not completely meet State
and Federal standards.
7. Stopping a major street for a minor street.
D. How Removals Are Requested.
1. Stop signs installed prior to the date of this policy can be
removed:
a. If recommended by the City Engineer.
b. If a petition submitted to the City Council contains the
signatures of 35 percent of the residents up to the.adjacent
intersections that abut the intersecting streets.
2. Stop signs installed subsequent to the date of this policy can be
removed:
a. If recommended by the City Engineer.
b. If a petition submitted to the City Council contains all of
the following:
1. The signatures of 51% of residents whose property lies within
a 135 foot radiUS from the intersecting street centerlines.
2. The signatures of 51 percent of the remaining residents up
to the adjacent intersections that abut the intersecting
streets.
E. Granting An Installation Or Removal.
All stop sign installations and removals will be acted upon by resolutions
of the Robbinsdale City Council.
Resolution No. 3467 Page 4 of 4
POLICY CONCERNING REQUEST FOR STOP SIGN INSTALLATION
Resolution No. 82-590
November 1, 1982 (Supersedes Res. No. 81-389, dated dune 22, 1981)
The City Council is granted the authority to approve or deny requests for stop
signs at intersections within the City.
The City Council is aware that because of the emotional situation often sur-
rounding such requests, it is sometimes difficult to analyze the request using
rational criteria.
To enhance the Council's ability to use rational criteria in evaluating stop
sign requests and minimize the proliferation of signage, except where required,
the following guidelines are adopted:
1. All stop sign requests are to be directed to the Engineering Division.
2. The City Engineer will evaluate each request using the State Uniform
Traffic Warrant Criteria. A stop sign may be required at an intersection
where one or more of the following conditions exist:
a. The intersection of a less important road with the main road where
application of the normal right-of-way rule is unduly hazardous.
b. A street enters a through highway or street.
c. Unsignalized intersections in an otherwise signalized area.
d. Other intersections where combination of high speed, restricted view,
and serious accident record indicates a need for control by the stop
sign. (Further information about stop sign criteria is available in
the Minnesota Manual of Uniform Traffic Devices.)
3. If the intersection meets the criteria set forth in the Minnesota Manual of
Uniform Traffic Devices, the City Engineer will request City Council
approval of a resolution authorizing stop sign intallation.
4. If the signs do not meet the criteria, the City Engineer will respond to the
requesting party providing the reasons why the signs are not recommended.
5. Residents will be advised that they have an opportunity to bring their
request before the City Council for consideration if they arenot satisfied
with the City Engineer's recommendation.
6. Following a presentation by the petitioner, the City Council may direct
that:
a. An independent traffic analysis be undertaken.
b. That the Public Safety Department perform radar surveillance of the
intersection; or
c. Deny the request.
11-
7. If an independent traffic analysis is ordered, the City Council may approve
or deny the stop sign request based upon the Council's evaluation of the
analysis.
8. If the radar surveillance study shows excessive vehicular speed at the
intersection then the Council may order or staff will undertake radar
ticketing in an effort to bring vehicular speed into conformance with the
posted speed limit. A report as to the effectiveness of such continuing
efforts shall be periodically provided to the City Council as a means of
showing the status of enforcement efforts.
11a-
CITY OF PLYMOUTH
3400 PLYMOUTH BLVD., PLYMOUTH, MINNESOTA 55447
TELEPHONE (612) 559-2800
MEMO
DATE: February 22, 1990
TO: Mayor & City Council \
FROM: James G. Willis, City Manager *,
SUBJECT LOCKOUT POLICY Q
The Council has indicated a desire to discuss the City Public Safety
Department's 'response to lockouts. Data from 1989 indicates that there were
1,941 lockout responses for the year, compared to 1,500 in 1987. The
majority of these are assigned to Community Service Officers (CSO's),
although some are handled by sworn officers.
A response to a citizen call for help for a lockout is obviously a positive
public contact for the community. The question as to whether or not the
magnitude of these calls provides a disproportionate drain on the City's
ability to provide other higher priority service is one which the Council
will need to address.
With the advent of more sophisticated locking systems in cars, there exists
the potential for claims against the City if damage is caused during the
effort to unlock a car. We advise parties that we are not responsible for
such damage, and I believe there has only been one instance where we have in
fact had a claim against for damage.
There are private firms specializing in responding to lockout requests.
These firms have the capacity of handling these calls and I am sure would be
delighted to see cities such as Plymouth discontinue the practice.
I was rescued by
C/Gf/EEO
Richfield
Car Opening Service 881-5625BondedandInsured
881 -LOCK)
Uptown LOCK STORES Eagan
827-5032 456-0220
3021 Holmes Av. S. 1981 Silver Bell Rd.
Silver Bell Center
881 -LOCK
On April 12, 1986, The Minneapolis Police Department began it's policy
of not responding to car lock out calls. Since 1986 other departments
have followed this same policy or at least restricted the amount of
lockouts to which they responded. At that time, Floyd Lock responded
with the implementation of it's Lockspeed Program - providing prompt
and professional car opening service.
We would like to take this opportunity to thank those of you who have
already called on Lockspeed for assistance. Since 1986 we have
continued to expand our service to all areas of the Greater Twin
Cities. We provide uniformed, bonded and professional locksmiths who
are being continuously trained in the area of car lockouts.
Auto manufacturers are constantly changing the body styles and
mechanics of automobiles. It becomes imperative that those who are
called upon to perform "open ups" need to be very knowledgeable of the
technical skills required to open a door without damage. At Floyd
Lock, our Lockspeed technicians have access to all new information in
this area and are provided "hands on" training to perfect their
skills.
We would like to make you aware of our Floyd Lockspeed Program as a
professional company to which lock out callers can be referred.
A Lockspeed Service technician is available seven days a week. We at
Floyd will provide fast service, competitive rates and stand behind
our work.
If you would like further information regarding Lockspeed or have
immediate needs for our services the number to call is 881-5625
881 -LOCK).
Sincerely yours,
d T
Les Hoffman
General Manager
Mobile Locksmith Service
LH/sf
Floyd Lock & Safe, 9036 Grand Avenue South, Bloomington, MN 55420
Golden Valley Richfield
541-5625 861-5625
1541 -LOCKS 1861 -LOCK
715 Wlnnetka Av. N. 7516 Lyndale Av. S.
881 -LOCK
On April 12, 1986, The Minneapolis Police Department began it's policy
of not responding to car lock out calls. Since 1986 other departments
have followed this same policy or at least restricted the amount of
lockouts to which they responded. At that time, Floyd Lock responded
with the implementation of it's Lockspeed Program - providing prompt
and professional car opening service.
We would like to take this opportunity to thank those of you who have
already called on Lockspeed for assistance. Since 1986 we have
continued to expand our service to all areas of the Greater Twin
Cities. We provide uniformed, bonded and professional locksmiths who
are being continuously trained in the area of car lockouts.
Auto manufacturers are constantly changing the body styles and
mechanics of automobiles. It becomes imperative that those who are
called upon to perform "open ups" need to be very knowledgeable of the
technical skills required to open a door without damage. At Floyd
Lock, our Lockspeed technicians have access to all new information in
this area and are provided "hands on" training to perfect their
skills.
We would like to make you aware of our Floyd Lockspeed Program as a
professional company to which lock out callers can be referred.
A Lockspeed Service technician is available seven days a week. We at
Floyd will provide fast service, competitive rates and stand behind
our work.
If you would like further information regarding Lockspeed or have
immediate needs for our services the number to call is 881-5625
881 -LOCK).
Sincerely yours,
d T
Les Hoffman
General Manager
Mobile Locksmith Service
LH/sf
Floyd Lock & Safe, 9036 Grand Avenue South, Bloomington, MN 55420
CITY OF PLYMOUTH
3400 PLYMOUTH BLVD., PLYMOUTH, MINNESOTA 55447
TELEPHONE (612) 559-2800
MEMO
DATE: February 22, 1990
TO: Mayor & City Council
FROM: James G. Willis, City Manager
SUBJECT STRATEGY FOR DEALING WITH THE 'DEER PROBLEM"
This matter has been before the Council several times over the last five
years. The problem boils down essentially to the following:
The deer population in Plymouth has been increasing in Plymouth over the
several years, largely the result of a hospitable environment.
There are no natural predators for the deer and there is a relative
abundance of food. As a result, the deer herd population has been
increasing and a corresponding increase of accidents involving motor
vehicles and deer have also been observed.
Finally, there is a health component; the fact that deer carry ticks
which transmit Lyme's Disease.
Attached is an abundance of background material on the deer problem for your
information and review.
CITY OF PLYMOUTH
3400 PLYMOUTH BLVD., PLYMOUTH, MINNESOTA 55447
TELEPHONE (612) 559-2800
MEMO
I have researched the following information as you requested:
I. Ordinance Dealing with Deer Control. On October 25, 1985 the Council
adopted a revision to the City Code Section 930.01 (e), which allows
the City Manager to issue special season hunting permits. In
addition, a policy was adopted regulating the issuance of the
permits. At the next regular Council meeting, November 4, 1985, the
Council redeliberated the deer hunting issue, and voted to rescind the
ordinance and policy and direct staff to prepare a charge for a deer
task force. Copies of the ordinances are attached.
2. Statistics on Deer/Vehicle Collisions. Statistical data on motor
vehicle vs. animal incidents for 1987 and 1988 are attached. Reports
for each year have been completed first by incident location, and
second, by date/time of incident. A 1986 statistical report prepared
by the Public Safety Department is also included.
3. Swaref lex Animal Warning Reflectors. The Swaref lex reflectors were
installed on both sides of County Road 10 between Zachary Lane and
approximately 300 feet east of Nathan Lane on September 16, 1986.
From August 17, 1987 to October 30, 1987, the reflectors were
evaluated for their effectiveness and repositioned. A summary of
vehicle/deer accidents in this area both before and after installation
of the reflectors is attached.
4. Lyme's Disease Article - attached.
5. Deer Census Memorandum - attached.
July 26, 1988
DATE:
Frank Boyles
TO:
FROM: Judy McMillin
SUBJECT DEER CONTROL INFORMATION
I have researched the following information as you requested:
I. Ordinance Dealing with Deer Control. On October 25, 1985 the Council
adopted a revision to the City Code Section 930.01 (e), which allows
the City Manager to issue special season hunting permits. In
addition, a policy was adopted regulating the issuance of the
permits. At the next regular Council meeting, November 4, 1985, the
Council redeliberated the deer hunting issue, and voted to rescind the
ordinance and policy and direct staff to prepare a charge for a deer
task force. Copies of the ordinances are attached.
2. Statistics on Deer/Vehicle Collisions. Statistical data on motor
vehicle vs. animal incidents for 1987 and 1988 are attached. Reports
for each year have been completed first by incident location, and
second, by date/time of incident. A 1986 statistical report prepared
by the Public Safety Department is also included.
3. Swaref lex Animal Warning Reflectors. The Swaref lex reflectors were
installed on both sides of County Road 10 between Zachary Lane and
approximately 300 feet east of Nathan Lane on September 16, 1986.
From August 17, 1987 to October 30, 1987, the reflectors were
evaluated for their effectiveness and repositioned. A summary of
vehicle/deer accidents in this area both before and after installation
of the reflectors is attached.
4. Lyme's Disease Article - attached.
5. Deer Census Memorandum - attached.
1987 - MOTOR VEHICLE VS. ANIMAL - BY DATE/TIME
Total Number Incidents: 140
LOCATION DATE TIME
C.R. 47 & Juneau 01/02/87 0903
Holly Lane & 48th Avenue 01/03/87 2030
C.R. 47 & Vicksburg 01/04/87 1741
C.R. 9 & Minnesota 01/05/87 0643
Hwy 55 & Plymouth Blvd 01/06/87 2105
Northwest Blvd. - 3200 01/09/87 1952
Zachary Lane & 55th Avenue 01/15/87 2157
Fernbrook Lane - 3430 01/17/87 2102
C.R. 10 & Zachary 01/21/87 0105
C.R. 47 & Juneau Lane 01/21/87 1824
C.R. 10 & C.R. 18 01/21/87 2239
Northwest Blvd. & W. Med. Lk. Dr. 01/27/87 0537
C.R. 47 & Vicksburg 01/28/87 0648
C.R. 9 & Dunkirk 01/30/87 1823
C.R. 9 & Dunkirk 01/31/87 0745
C.R. 10 & Zachary Lane 02/05/87 1608
C.R. 10 & Zachary Lane 02/07/87 1235
West Medicine Lake Drive - 4400 02/11/87 2034
C.R. 9 & Juneau 02/12/87 1951
I-494 & C.R. 9 02/12/87 2102
I-494 & C.R. 9 02/12/87 2103
C.R. 10 & Nathan Lane 02/24/87 0925
I-494 & R.R. tracks 02/28/87 0234
I-494 & 53rd Avenue 02/28/87 1727
Vicksburg & 46th Avenue 03/02/87 1905
Vicksburg & 50th 03/02/87 1948
C.R. 10 - 10400 03/03/87 1853
Hwy 55 - 17000 03/06/87 0334
Vicksburg - 5645 03/06/87 2038
C.R. 47 - 15100 03/08/87 1907
Carlson Parkway & Gleason 03/12/87 1947
Hwy 55 & C.R. 9 03/12/87 2245
C.R. 9 & Juneau 03/18/87 0343
I-494 & C.R. 15 03/19/87 0454
I-494 & 3200 03/22/87 1957
C.R. 18 & 36th Aveneu 03/23/87 2008
C.R. 9 & Peony Lane 03/25/87 0832
C.R. 9 & Xenium Lane 03/25/87 1650
C.R. 9 & Peony Lane 04/04/87 2159
South Shore Drive & 11th Avenue 04/06/87 1700
C.R. 9 & French Park 04/06/87 2249
C.R. 9 & Dunkirk 04/08/87 0740
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane 04/08/87 2126
Hwy 55 & C.R. 24 04/14/87 0012
I-494 & C.R. 9 04/27/87 0848
1987 - MOTOR VEHICLE VS. ANIMAL -- BY DATE/TIME
Page 2
LOCATION DATE TIME
Hwy 55 & C.R. 9 05/03/87 2326
C.R. 9 & C.R. 18 05/06/87 1023
Hwy 55 & Vicksburg 05/06/87 2244
C.R. 10 & C.R. 18 05/10/87 2358
C.R. 10 & C.R. 18 05/11/87 0820
Hwy 55 & I-494 05/26/87 0836
Harbor Lane - 3005 05/26/87 0844
26th Avenue - 15620 06/09/87 2212
I-494 & C.R. 9 06/13/87 0400
I-494 & Hwy 55 07/03/87 0055
Fernbrook Lane & 34th 07/05/87 1116
C.R. 9 - 17400 07/14/87 0501
C.R. 47 - 14105 07/17/87 2136
C.R. 47 & Dallas 07/18/87 0723
Fernbrook Lane & 24th 07/30/87 0027
Hwy 55 & Fernbrook 07/31/87 1004
I-494 & C.R. 9 08/02/87 1152
Dunkirk Lane - 3400 08/02/87 2056
Fernbrook Lane & 35th 08/03/87 1106
Hwy 55 & C.R. 6 08/03/87 2216
Fernbrook Lane & 35th 08/04/87 1522
Carlson Parkway 08/16/87 2126
C.R. 10 & C.R. 47 08/17/87 1436
4th Avenue - 16210 08/18/87 2046
C.R. 10 & C.R. 47 08/21/87 0008
C.R. 10 & Quinwood 08/25/87 12.47
Hwy 55 & Dunkirk 09/08/87 0548
C.R. 47 - 15600 09/10/87 0850
Juneau Lane 09/10/87 2020
Vicksburg Lane & 36th Avenue 09/11/87 0608
C.R. 18 & 54th Avenue 09/24/87 1543
Bass Lake Road - 10315 09/25/87 1024
Lancaster Lane & 36th 09/27/87 1615
C.R. 9 & Peony Lane 09/28/87 2252
Zachary Lane & 51st 09/30/87 0716
Hwy 55 & Quaker Lane 10/04/87 0446
C.R. 47 & Juneau 10/05/87 2010
Hwy 55 - 18800 10/06/87 0707
Hwy 55 & C.R. 9 10/08/87 2100
Gleason Lake Blvd. 10/11/87 0141
Berkshire Lane & 24th 10/11/87 1155
C.R. 47 & Vicksburg 10/11/87 1933
C.R. 10 & Nathan 10/13/87 0619
C.R. 6 & Ferndale 10/13/87 0703
Hwy 55 & W. Med. Lk. Dr. 10/16/87 0218
C.R. 6 - 18820 10/22/87 2156
C.R. 10 & Zachrary 10/24/87 1553
C.R. 6 & Fernbrook 10/26/87 0608
C.R. 6 & Niagara 10/26/87 0648
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane 10/26/87 1750
C.R. 24 & Hwy 101 10/27/87 0905
C.R. 9 & Dunkrik 10/28/87 1927
1987 - MOTOR VEHICLE VS. ANIMAL -- BY DATE/TIME
Page 3
LOCATION DATE TIME
Hwy 101 & C.R. 47 11/01/87 0706
Hwy 55 & Dunkirk 11/01/87 1815
C.R. 6 & Fernbrook 11/03/87 1742
Hwy 55 & Dunkirk 11/04/87 0704
Hwy 101 & C.R. 6 11/07/87 0253
Hwy 101 - 3445 11/07/87 1111
Hwy 55 & South Shore Drive 11/07/87 1750
C.R. 18 & C.R. 10 11/08/87 1901
Hwy 55 & C.R. 18 11/09/87 1910
C.R. 18 & C.R. 10 11/10/87 1612
Hwy 55 & Dunkirk 11/10/87 1801
Nathan Lane & Schmidt Lake Rd. 11/10/87 2317
Hwy 55 & Quaker Lane 11/10/87 2358
Hwy 55 & Ranchview 11/12/87 0743
Hemlock Lane - 6000 11/12/87 1919
C.R. 47 & Dallas Lane 11/13/87 1334
Hwy 55 - 12200 11/13/87 1907
Hwy 55 & Larch Lane 11/14/87 0807
C.R. 9 & Peony Lane 11/14/87 1802
C.R. 10 & C.R. 18 11/16/87 0727
C.R. 47 & Vicksburg 11/16/87 0728
Hwy 101 & C.R. 47 11/17/87 1737
Northwest Blvd & Xenium Lane 11/18/87 0649
C.R. 6 & Fernbrook 11/20/87 1755
Hemlock Lane - 6100 11/21/87 1717
Fernbrook Lane & 35th 11/25/87 1633
C.R. 10 & C.R. 18 11/27/87 1420
C.R. 47 & Troy Lane 12/02/87 1930
C.R. 9 & Peony Lane 12/05/87 0828
Hwy 101 & C.R. 47 12/05/87 1850
C.R. 9 - 16440 12/06/87 0436
Campus Drive & Northwest Blvd. 12/07/87 2221
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane 12/09/87 1711
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane 12/14/87 1844
Northwest Blvd & W. Med. Lk. Dr. 12/16/87 1906
Northwest Blvd. & C.R. 9 12/18/87 1835
Cottonwood Lane - 4645 12/20/87 1944
C.R. 47 & Vicksburg 12/20/87 2152
C.R. 47 & C.R. 10 12/21/87 0907
Hwy 101 & 26th Avenue 12/23/87 1833
Xenium Lane - 1105 12/28/87 2234
1987 - MOTOR VEHICLE VS. ANIMAL -- BY LOCATION
Total Number of Incidents: 140
LOCATION DATE TIME
26th Avenue - 15620 06/09/87 2212
4th Avenue - 16210 08/18/87 2046
Berkshire Lane & 24th 10/11/87 1155
C.R. 10 10315 09/25/87 1024
C.R. 10 C.R. 18 01/21/87 2239
C.R. 10 C.R. 18 05/10/87 2358
C.R. 10 C.R. 18 11/27/87 1420
C.R. 10 C.R. 18 05/11/87 0820
C.R. 10 C.R. 18 11/16/87 0727
C.R. 10 C.R. 47 08/21/87 0008
C.R. 10 C.R. 47 08/17/87 1436
C.R. 10 Nathan 10/13/87 0619
C.R. 10 Nathan Lane 02/24/87 0925
C.R. 10 Quinwood 08/25/87 1247
C.R. 10 Zachary 01/21/87 0105
C.R. 10 Zachary Lane 02/07/87 1235
C.R. 10 Zachary Lane 02/05/87 1608
C.R. 10 Zachary 10/24/87 1553
C.R. 10 10400 03/03/87 1853
C.R. 18 36th Avenue 03/23/87 2008
C.R. 18 54th Avenue 09/24/87 1543
C.R. 18 C.R. 10 11/10/87 1612
C.R. 18 C.R. 10 11/08/87 1901
C.R. 24 Hwy 101 10/27/87 0905
C.R. 47 C.R. 10 12/21/87 0907
C.R. 47 Dallas 07/18/87 0723
C.R. 47 Dallas Lane 11/13/87 1334
C.R. 47 Juneau 10/05/87 2010
C.R. 47 Juneau 01/02/87 0903
C.R. 47 Juneau Lane 01/21/87 1824
C.R. 47 Troy Lane 12/02/87 1930
C.R. 47 Vicksburg 10/11/87 1933
C.R. 47 Vicksburg 11/16/87 0728
C.R. 47 Vicksburg 01/28/87 0648
C.R. 47 Vicksburg 12/20/87 2152
C.R. 47 Vicksburg 01/04/87 1741
C.R. 47 14105 07/17/87 2136
C.R. 47 15100 03/08/87 1907
C.R. 47 15600 09/10/87 0850
C.R. 6 & Fernbrook 10/26/87 0608
C.R. 6 & Fernbrook 11/20/87 1755
C.R. 6 & Fernbrook 11/03/87 1742
C.R. 6 & Ferndale 10/13/87 0703
C.R. 6 & Niagara 10/26/87 0648
C.R. 6 - 18820 10/22/87 2156
1987 - MOTOR VEHICLE VS. ANIMAL - BY LOCATION
Page 2
LOCATION DATE TIME
C.R. 9 & C.R. 18 05/06/87 1023
C.R. 9 & Dunkirk 04/08/87 0740
C.R. 9 & Dunkirk 01/31/87 0745
C.R. 9 & Dunkirk 01/30/87 1823
C.R. 9 & Dunkrik 10/28/87 1927
C.R. 9 & French Park 04/06/87 2249
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane 12/14/87 1844
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane 12/09/87 1711
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane 04/08/87 2126
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane 10/26/87 1750
C.R. 9 & Juneau 03/18/87 0343
C.R. 9 & Juneau 02/12/87 1951
C.R. 9 & Minnesota 01/05/87 0643
C.R. 9 & Peony Lane 03/25/87 0832
C.R. 9 & Peony Lane 04/04/87 2159
C.R. 9 & Peony Lane 09/28/87 2252
C.R. 9 & Peony Lane 12/05/87 0828
C.R. 9 & Peony Lane 11/14/87 1802
C.R. 9 & Xenium Lane 03/25/87 1650
C.R. 9 - 16440 12/06/87 0436
C.R. 9 - 17400 07/14/87 0501
Campus Drive & Northwest Blvd. 12/07/87 2221
Carlson Parkway 08/16/87 2126
Carlson Parkway & Gleason 03/12/87 1947
Cottonwood Lane - 4645 12/20/87 1944
Dunkirk Lane - 3400 08/02/87 2056
Fernbrook Lane & 24th 07/30/87 0027
Fernbrook Lane & 34th 07/05/87 1116
Fernbrook Lane & 35th 08/04/87 1522
Fernbrook Lane & 35th 08/03/87 1106
Fernbrook Lane & 35th 11/25/87 1633
Fernbrook Lane - 3430 01/17/87 2102
Gleason Lake Road 10/11/87 0141
Harbor Lane - 3005 05/26/87 0844
Hemlock Lane - 6000 11/12/87 1919
Hemlock Lane - 6100 11/21/87 1717
Holly Lane & 48th Avenue 01/03/87 2030
Hwy 101 & 26th Avenue 12/23/87 1833
Hwy 101 & C.R. 47 11/01/87 0706
Hwy 101 & C.R. 47 11/17/87 1737
Hwy 101 & C.R. 47 12/05/87 1850
Hwy 101 & C.R. 6 11/07/87 0253
Hwy 101 - 3445 11/07/87 1111
1987 - MOTOR VEHICLE VS. ANIMAL - BY LOCATION
Page 3
LOCATION DATE TIME
Hwy 55 C.R. 18 11/09/87 1910
Hwy 55 C.R. 24 04/14/87 0012
Hwy 55 C.R. 6 08/03/87 2216
Hwy 55 C.R. 9 10/08/87 2100
Hwy 55 C.R. 9 05/03/87 2326
Hwy 55 C.R. 9 03/12/87 2245
Hwy 55 Dunkirk 11/01/87 1815
Hwy 55 Dunkirk 11/10/87 1801
Hwy 55 Dunkirk 09/08/87 0548
Hwy 55 Dunkirk 11/04/87 0704
Hwy 55 Fernbrook 07/31/87 1004
Hwy 55 I-494 05/26/87 0836
Hwy 55 Larch Lane 11/14/87 0807
Hwy 55 Plymouth Blvd 01/06/87 2105
Hwy 55 Quaker Lane 10/04/87 0446
Hwy 55 Quaker Lane 11/10/87 2358
Hwy 55 Ranchview 11/12/87 0743
Hwy 55 South Shore Drive 11/07/87 1750
Hwy 55 Vicksburg 05/06/87 2244
Hwy 55 W. Med. Lk. Dr. 10/16/87 0218
Hwy 55 12200 11/13/87 1907
Hwy 55 17000 03/06/87 0334
Hwy 55 18800 10/06/87 0707
I-494 & 3200 03/22/87 1957
I-494 & 53rd Avenue 02/28/87 1727
I-494 & C.R. 15 03/19/87 0454
I-494 & C.R. 9 02/12/87 2102
I-494 & C.R. 9 04/27/87 0848
I-494 & C.R. 9 06/13/87 0400
I-494 & C.R. 9 08/02/87 1152
I-494 & C.R. 9 02/12/87 2103
I-494 & Hwy 55 07/03/87 0055
I-494 & R.R. tracks 02/28/87 0234
Juneau Lane 09/10/87 2020
Lancaster Lane & 36th 09/27/87 1615
1987 - MOTOR VEHICLE VS. ANIMAL - BY LOCATION
Page 4
LOCATION DATE TIME
Nathan Lane & Schmidt Lake Rd. 11/10/87 2317
Northwest Blvd & W. Med. Lk. Dr. 12/16/87 1906
Northwest Blvd & Xenium Lane 11/18/87 0649
Northwest Blvd. & C.R. 9 12/18/87 1835
Northwest Blvd. & W. Med. Lk. Dr. 01/27/87 0537
Northwest Blvd. - 3200 01/09/87 1952
South Shore Drive & 11th Avenue 04/06/87 1700
Vicksburg & 46th Avenue 03/02/87 1905
Vicksburg & 50th 03/02/87 1948
Vicksburg - 5645 03/06/87 2038
Vicksburg Lane & 36th Avenue 09/11/87 0608
West Medicine Lake Drive - 4400 02/11/87 2034
Xenium Lane - 1105 12/28/87 2234
Zachary Lane & 51st 09/30/87 0716
Zachary Lane & 55th Avenue 01/15/87 2157
1988 - MOTOR VEHICLE VS. ANIMAL -- BY DATE/TIME
1/01/88 - 07/22/88)
Total Incidents: 63
LOCATION DATE TIME
Carlson Parkway & Gleason 01/01/88 2315
Carlson Parkway & C.R. 15 01/02/88 1105
I-494 & Carlson Parkway 01/02/88 1925
C.R. 47 & Annapolis 01/06/88 1341
C.R. 10 & Nathan 01/11/88 1812
Fernbrook Lane & 33rd 01/16/88 1856
C.R. 47 & Annapolis 01/28/88 2028
C.R. 47 & Dunkirk 01/30/88 2019
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane 02/01/88 1850
C.R. 10 & Nathan 02/03/88 2340
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane 02/12/88 0525
C.R. 9 & Northwest Blvd. 02/13/88 0043
C.R. 9 & Northwest Blvd. 02/13/88 1012
Hemlock Lane - 61st 02/20/88 1022
Schmidt Lake Road & Saratoga 02/22/88 1129
C.R. 10 & Zachary 02/24/88 1735
C.R. 9 & French Park 02/26/88 1904
C.R. 9 & W. Md. Lk. Dr. 02/26/88 1920
C.R. 10 & Zachary 03/03/88 1700
Hwy 101 & Hwy 55 03/03/88 1901
Juneau Lane - 4630 03/10/88 1829
Hwy 55 - 11000 03/10/88 1910
C.R. 47 & Juneau 03/15/88 1403
Vicksburg - 5505 03/16/88 1855
C.R. 10 & C.R. 18 03/18/88 1957
Hwy 55 & Cottonwood 03/24/88 0333
Hwy 55 & W. Med. Lk. Dr. 03/24/88 0745
Hwy 55 & Vicksburg 03/29/88 0200
39th Avenue - 15354 03/31/88 1721
Northwest Blvd & 39th Avenue 04/04/88 1915
Saratoga Lane 04/05/88 1842
C.R. 10 & Zachry 04/17/88 2126
Hwy 55 & Vicksburg 04/20/88 1235
Hwy 55 - 18800 04/26/88 2117
C.R. 9 - 17400 05/01/88 1123
Hwy 55 & Dunkirk 05/03/88 0538
I-494 & Hwy 55 05/03/88 0903
C.R. 10 & C.R. 47 05/04/88 2126
C.R. 10 & C.R. 47 05/05/88 1531
Pineview Lane - 500 05/12/88 1650
Hwy 55 & C.R. 24 05/15/88 2216
Hwy 55 & Dunkirk 05/17/88 0937
Hwy 55 & Hwy 101 05/18/88 2302
Hwy 55 & Hwy 101 05/21/88 0321
Hwy 101 & C.R. 47 05/22/88 0044
C.R. 10 & C.R. 18 05/27/88 1337
1988 - MOTOR VEHICLE VS. ANIMAL - BY DATE/TIME
1/1/88 - 7/22/88)
Page 2
LOCATION DATE TIME
1906
Hwy 55 & Hwy 101 06/01/88 0550
C.R. 61 & Xenium Lane 06/03/88 2320
Northwest Blvd & Xenium 06/04/88 2238
Northwest Blvd & 31st 06/05/88 0847
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane 06/05/88 1608
Hwy 55 - 16300 06/07/88 0511
C.R. 6 & Fernbrook 06/15/88 2326
Hwy 55 & Zanzibar 06/17/88 2056
C.R. 9 & Vicksburg 06/22/88 2206
Niagara & 34th Avenue 06/24/88 2203
C.R. 6 & Shenandoah
C.R. 18 - 5400
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane
Fernbrook Lane & Dallas
Hwy 101 & C.R. 47
Hemlock Lane - 6020
07/03/88 0411
07/05/88 1906
07/05/88 2211
07/06/88 2353
07/11/88 2248
07/15/88 2229
LOCATION
1988 - MOTOR VEHICLE VS. ANIMAL -- BY LOCATION
01/01/88 - 07/22/88)
Total Incidents: 63
DATE TIME
39th Avenue - 15354 03/31/88 1721
C.R. 10 & C.R. 18 03/18/88 1957
C.R. 10 & C.R. 18 05/27/88 1337
C.R. 10 & C.R. 47 05/05/88 1531
C.R. 10 & C.R. 47 05/04/88 2126
C.R. 10 & Nathan 02/03/88 2340
C.R. 10 & Nathan 01/11/88 1812
C.R. 10 & Zachary 02/24/88 1735
C.R. 10 & Zachary 03/03/88 1700
C.R. 10 & Zachary 04/17/88 2126
C.R. 18 - 5400 07/05/88 1906
C.R. 47 & Annapolis 01/28/88 2028
C.R. 47 & Annapolis 01/06/88 1341
C.R. 47 & Dunkirk 01/30/88 2019
C.R. 47 & Juneau 03/15/88 1403
C.R. 6 & Fernbrook 06/15/88 2326
C.R. 6 & Shenandoah 07/03/88 0411
C.R. 61 & Xenium Lane 06/03/88 2320
C.R. 9 & French Park 02/26/88 1904
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane 02/01/88 1850
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane 02/12/88 0525
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane 06/05/88 1608
C.R. 9 & Holly Lane 07/05/88 2211
C.R. 9 & Northwest Blvd. 02/13/88 0043
C.R. 9 & Northwest Blvd. 02/13/88 1012
C.R. 9 & Vicksburg 06/22/88 2206
C.R. 9 & W. Md. Lk. Dr. 02/26/88 1920
C.R. 9 - 17400 05/01/88 1123
Carlson Parkway & C.R. 15 01/02/88 1105
Carlson Parkway & Gleason 01/01/88 2315
Fernbrook Lane & 33rd 01/16/88 1856
Fernbrook Lane & Dallas 07/06/88 2353
Hemlock Lane - 6020 07/15/88 2229
Hemlock Lane - 61st 02/20/88 1022
Hwy 101 & C.R. 47 07/11/88 2248
Hwy 101 & C.R. 47 05/22/88 0044
Hwy 101 & Hwy 55 03/03/88 1901
1988 - MOTOR VEHICLE VS. ANIMAL -- BY LOCATION
01/01/88 - 07/22/88)
Page 2
LOCATION DATE TIME
Hwy 55 & C.R. 24 05/15/88 2216
Hwy 55 & Cottonwood 03/24/88 0333
Hwy 55 & Dunkirk 05/03/88 0538
Hwy 55 & Dunkirk 05/17/88 0937
Hwy 55 & Hwy 101 05/18/88 2302
Hwy 55 & Hwy 101 05/21/88 0321
Hwy 55 & Hwy 101 06/01/88 0550
Hwy 55 & Vicksburg 03/29/88 0200
Hwy 55 & Vicksburg 04/20/88 1235
Hwy 55 & W. Med. Lk. Dr. 03/24/88 0745
Hwy 55 & Zanzibar 06/17/88 2056
Hwy 55 - 11000 03/10/88 1910
Hwy 55 - 16300 06/07/88 0511
Hwy 55 - 18800 04/26/88 2117
I-494 & Carlson Parkway 01/02/88 1925
I-494 & Hwy 55 05/03/88 0903
Juneau Lane - 4630 03/10/88 1829
Niagara & 34th Avenue 06/24/88 2203
Northwest Blvd & 31st 06/05/88 0847
Northwest Blvd & 39th Avenue 04/04/88 1915
Northwest Blvd & Xenium 06/04/88 2238
Pineview Lane - 500 05/12/88 1650
Saratoga Lane 04/05/88 1842
Schmidt Lake Road & Saratoga 02/22/88 1129
Vicksburg - 5505 03/16/88 1855
CITY OF PLYMOUTH
3400 PLYMOUTH BLVD., PLYMOUTH, MINNESOTA 55447
TELEPHONE (612) 559-2800
MEMO
DATE: August 15, 1988
TO: James G. Willis, City Manager
FROM: Frank Boyles, Assistant City Manager
SUBJECT PROPOSED CITIZEN SAFETY ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Attached is a memorandum from Bob Zitur which proposes the implementation of
a standing Citizens' Advisory Committee to discuss such issues as animal
control, snowmobiles, nuisance animal and the like.
The committee would consist of four Plymouth residents, one from each of the
board/commission districts, appointed for a two-year term by the City
Council, complemented by three volunteers selected at large. The committee
would meet every two or three months as needed, and would be staffed by the
Public Safety Director. The chairperson would be appointed by the City
Council.
Councilmember Zitur's objective is a good one. I believe the most appro-
priate way to accomplish the objective is to establish a task force on an
issue -by -issue basis rather than a standing committee. By establishing a
task force, the Council can expedite the investigation of specific issues as
they arise, without risking the possibility that the committee will have
periods of inactivity which will ultimately lead to lower levels of citizen
participation and/or higher levels of staff support.
As a first issue, the Council may wish to establish a task force to investi-
gate the public safety issues associated with urban deer herds. The issues
would include:
1. Deer/vehicle collisions.
2. The effectiveness of animal warning reflectors.
3. Crop damage by deer herds.
4. Lyme's Disease
Attached is a memorandum with attachments on this subject.
If the Council desires that the task force be established it would be
appropriate to direct that the staff prepare a charge for the task force and
make further recommendations regarding its size and composition.
attachments
CITY OF PLYMOUTH
3400 PLYMOUTH BLVD., PLYMOUTH, MINNESOTA 55447
TELEPHONE (612) 559-2800
March 28, 1988 MEMO
DATE:
Mayor Schneider, Councilmembers Sisk, Vasiliou, and Ricker, and Manager
TO: Willis
Bob Z.
FROM:
PROPOSED CITIZENS SAFETY ADVISORY COMMITTEE
SUBJECT
At a recent Council meeting, I stated we need to look at snowmobiles and
all terrain vehicles at a study session after the emotion settled
following the recent tragic snowmobile death.
For sometime previous to the tragedy, I had been thinking that we need a
citizens safety advisory committee. I do not feel that the present City
safety committee reflects enough individuals who are Plymouth citizens
and not City employees (N.B. minutes Plymouth Safety Committee, March 9,
1988). Their concerns are certainly important but do not have the
citizen input, as I view it, for the new safety committee. Therefore, I
propose a Plymouth citizens advisory safety committee whose focus would
come from Plymouth citizens and their problem areas. These concerns
would become part of the process for improving public safety.
This committee would be under the safety director or his designee. The
committee would be volunteers interviewed by the Council, hopefully, to
avoid single issue folks. Appointment for a two year period would be
from each quadrant and three at large, or one from each precinct of the
City, or whatever. The Council would also decide if alternates should
be appointed. Meetings would be every month or every two months as
called by the chair with the approval of the safety director. The chair
would be appointed by the Mayor or the Council or by the group itself.
Items such as pit bulls, snowmobiles and all terrain vehicles -
educating or banning, water safety, deer problems, the geese shoot,
aerators - ponds and lakes, rescue equipment, speed signs - 30, 40, 45,
crack, improve communications to get volunteers to dig out fire hydrants
in the winter, etc., etc. Problems that could not be resolved by the
committee and the safety director would be given to the City Manager who
would present the problem to the Council at a study session with facts
for potential resolution.
Councilmembers would continue to give their safety concerns, and those
of callers and letter writers, to the Manager for resolution in the
process. A member of the new safety committee would attend all meetings
of the present City safety committee. The communications director would
attend all meetings and, therefore, get any insights in how to educate
the Plymouth citizenry by use of all media.
MINUTES
PLYMOUTH SAFETY COMMITTEE
March 9, 1988
PRESENT: Gary Pouti, Eric Luetgers, Steve Herwig, Russ Elzy, Tim Die,
Dan Campbell, Stan Scofield, Mark Peterson, Frank Boyles
ABSENT: Sohn Ward
ALSO PRESENT: Dave Drugg, North Star Risk Services; Dave Volker, Employee
Benefit Administration; Bobbi Leitner, Judy McMillin
1. OLD BUSINESS
A. APPROVAL OF FEBRUARY 17 MEETING MINUTES
The committee approved the February 17 minutes as submitted.
B. Report on Safety Activities
1. Follow up on Toro trailer modifications and vendor's
re-evaluation. Mark reported on the status of the modifications
to the Toro trailers. He advised that Dave's Trailer Sales has
not completed the work on the second trailer which was delivered
to them last month for modifications. However, Mark noted that
he is confident the trailer will be finished before it is needed
in the spring.
Mark will also follow up on the written statement from Dave's
Trailer Sales on the modifications made to the first trailer.
2. Convex Mirrors -- The Committee reviewed the status of convex
mirror installations on city vehicles. Vehicles remaining to
have mirrors installed include: 1/2 -tons and vans - #441, 450,
517, and 522. dim Kolstad has committed to have them installed
by the first week in April.
3. Warming House Attendant Traininq -- Dave Volker advised that
several other cities provide ice cleats to their employees as an
option whenever working on the ice. The Committee determined
that a training program should be provided to warming house
attendants which includes: 1) orientation on proper methods for
conducting various work operations on the ice, and 2) avail-
ability of cleats for both temporary and full time employees.
All employees are to be told that ice cleats are available for
use at their option. If an employee decides not to wear the
cleats and is injured as a result of a fall on the ice, the
committee will consider the non -wearing of cleats as a factor in
determining accident preventability.
4. New Confined Space Entry Regulations -- Dave Volker advised that
the State has modified its standards for confined space entry.
Dave stated that in comparing the revised State standards to the
City's confined space entry program, the City's proqram is more
stringent and therefore does not not require revisions.
PLYMOUTH SAFETY COMMITTEE
March 9, 1988
Page two
5. Site visibility at intersections -- Frank advised that the City
Council at its February 22 meeting adopted an ordinance amend-
ment defining sight obstructions which are three feet in height
above the street curb level and within 20 feet of street right-
of-way corner to be a public nuisance. All City employees are
asked to assist in the enforcement of the ordinance, by report-
ing any such sight obstructions to the Planning Department for
investigation.
II. NEW BUSINESS
A. Review of Vehicular & Personal Injury Accidents -- The committee
reviewed one personal injury accident and one vehicular accident.
The personal injury accident was determined non -preventable, and the
vehicular accident to be preventable. Memorandums to City super-
visors will be prepared conveying the committee's findings and
recommendations.
B. Safe Driver Award Pins -- Frank advised he is still waiting to
receive the mock-up of the safe driver award pin. Once received, he
will review it with the committee.
The meeting adjourned at 8:45 a.m.
CITY OF PLYMOUTH
3400 PLYMOUTH BLVD., PLYMOUTH, MINNESOTA 55447
TELEPHONE (612) 559-2800
MEMO
DATE: July 28, 1988
TO: James G. Willis, City Manager
l
FROM: Frank Boyles, Assistant City Manager \
SUBJECT FUTURE CITY ISSUE
You have directed that I prepare materials regarding the issue of deer herds
in Plymouth's developing urban environment. Attached are materials Judy has
assembled including:
1. The original ordinance dealing with deer control and the subsequent
charge provided to the Deer Task Force.
2. The report of the Deer Task Force.
3. Statistics showing deer/vehicle collisions within the community for
19869 1987 and 1988.
4. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Swareflex animal warning
reflectors on County Road 10, between County Road 18 and Zachary
Lane, before and after reflector installation.
5. A memorandum on the deer census.
6. An article about Lyme's Disease.
Stated briefly, the reports show that for 1986 there were 129 animal/
vehicular accidents, 90% of which were estimated to involve deer. In 1987
the total number incidents involving vehicular/animal accidents was 140.
Again, assuming that 90% involve deer, the total for 1987 would be 126.
From January 1 to July 22, 1988, vehicle/animal collisions have totalled
63. At this rate, and assuming 90% deer involvement, the total for 1988
will be approximately 113.
The deer population in the community is estimated to have increased from 61
in 1981, to approximately 200 in 1985. In 1988, the estimated deer
population is 255, based upon a helicopter census taken earlier this year.
I have attached maps showing both the locations of animal/vehicle accidents
and the location of the deer herds based upon the 1988 survey.
The fact that the deer herd is rising, coupled with the increased intensity
of roadway usage in Plymouth brought about bydevelopment, may be cause for
future concern in the City. Based upon a 1986 public safety report, every
FUTURE CITY ISSUE
July 28, 1988
Page 2
accident between an automobile and a deer is unique. Damages range from
small scratches or broken headlights to vehicles being completely totalled.
In some cases the deer escapes with little or no harm; but in most, the deer
is either found dead or must be dispatched by the officer.
There is a hazard to the vehicle driver in such incidents, as well as other
drivers in the roadway. In an attempt to combat one of our worst areas,
Swareflex animal warning reflectors were installed along County Road 10,
between Zachary Lane and County Road 18 in September 1986. The reflectors
were repositioned in August of 1987. Records show that in 1986, 18
deer/vehicle collisions occurred. In 1987 there were 8 and in 1988 there
have been five to date.
The proliferation of Lyme's Disease to humans from ticks which use the deer
as a host, is an ever-increasing concern. Mr. Russell C. Johnson, a
microbiologist at the University of Minnesota, has characterized the Lyme
Disease situation as follows:
In the past few years, that is if it weren't for AIDS (Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome), Lyme Disease would be the biggest public health
problem in the nation."
The increasing size of the herd, the absence of natural predators, the
destruction of crops, the continuing number of deer/vehicle accidents, the
continued development of our community, and the recognition of the dangers
associated with Lyme Disease, suggest that the Council may wish to consider
all aspects of the problems associated with urban deer herds. The problems
are exacerbated by the fact that most people "like" the blending of rural
and urban which wildlife and specifically deer herds represent.
Any solutions contemplated by the City Council must consider the actions of
neighboring communities to and from which the deer herds normally migrate.
The City Council should be aware of this issue as one which will eventually
require attention.
FB:kec
attachment
i
CITY OF PLYMOUTH
ORDINANCE NO. 85-32
AN ORDINANCE RELATING TO PUBLIC SAFETY= AMENDING CHAPTER 930 OF THE
CITY CODE REGARDING USE OF FIREARMS
THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PLYMOUTH DOES HEREBY ORDAIN:
Section 1. Section 930.01, Subd. 1 (e) of the City Code is amended byamendingasfollows:
e). For the destruction of animalsq birdsp or reptiles which arediseased, insured, dangerous or --causing destruction to property bypersonsspecificallyauthorizedtodosobythe -City anager.
Section 2. Section 1010/019 Subd. 7 of the City Code is amended by theadditionof:
Special Season Hunting Permits 930 $25.00
Section 3. This ordinance shall take effect upon Its passage andpublication.
Adopted by the City Council this 28th day of October , 1985.
ATTEST: /
i
er
CITY OF PLYMOUTH
ORDINANCE NO. 85- 33
AN ORDINANCE RELATING TO PUBLIC SAFETY;
REPEALING ORDINANCE 85-32
THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PLYMOUTH DOES HEREBY ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Plymouth City Ordinance No. 85-32 is hereby rescinded.
Section 2. This ordinance shall be effective upon its passage and publication.
ADOPTED BY THE PLYMOUTH CITY COUNCIL THIS 4th DAY OF November , 1985.
ATTEST:
Clerk
y,4
ayor
DATE
Ice
FROM
CITY OF PLYMOUTH
3400 PLYMOUTH BLVD., PLYMOUTH, MINNESOTA 55447
TELEPHONE (612) 559-2800
MEMO
December 4, 1985 for December 16, 1985 City Council Meeting
James G. Willis, City Manager
Frank Boyles, Assistant City Manager
SUBJECT DEER TASK FORCE
SUMMARY: In November the City Council directed that the staff
prepare a charge for the "Deer Task Force" as well as recommendations
for individuals to be selected to the task force. The following
recommendations have been made by Public Safety Director Carlquistand
are recommended for Council endorsement.
1. Task Force Composition - The task force should consist of five
members. he five members would consist of two City staff
members, Dick Carlquist and Jane Laurence, a member of the City
Council to be designated by the Council, and the fourth and
fifth members, an advocate and opponent of deer hunting in the
City. It is suggested that Carol Busch who spoke against the
deer season be included, and Dick Mulhollum of Dundee Nursery be
the fifth member of the task force.
2. Task Force Charge - The charge is to develop recommendations to
safely, effectively, and economically deal with the two -fold
problem caused by deer in the community (i.e. the public safety
matter of collisions between vehicles and deer on roadways, and
the destruction of private property including agricultural
crops, trees, etc. through growth of deer herds in the
community).
3. Procedure for Task Force - It is recommended that the staff
would assemble information already provided by Ms. Busch as well
as City generated information and provide that to task force
members as soon as possible following confirmation of their
willingness to serve. The next step would be to establish two
to three meeting dates and times over the next month or two to
complete the assignment. The first meeting would be to review
and discuss the background materials provided, more specifically
define the nature of the problem and brainstorm possible
solutions. The second meeting would be to conclude brainstorm-
ing and focus on selection of potential solutions. The final
meeting would be to review a draft report prepared by the
staff for ultimate presentation to the City Council.
If the Council concurs with this proposal, it would be appropriate to
select a member for participation on the task force and authorize the
City staff to proceed as outlined above.
CITY OF PLYMOUTH
3400 PLYMOUTH BLVD., PLYMOUTH, MINNESOTA 55447
TELEPHONE (612) 559-2800
MEMO
DATE: May 30, 1986 for City Council meeting of June 2, 1986
TO: James G. Willis, City Manager
FROM: Richard 3. Carlquist, Public Safety Director
SUBJECT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - DEER TASK FORCE
At the Plymouth Forum held on October 21, 1985, two representatives
from Dundee Nursery briefly explained to the City Council the problem
they are having with deer destroying their nursery stock. Prior to
the Forum I had made a personal site visit to Dundee Nursery and had
observed the damage to nursery stock. An employee, Dick Mulhollam,
personally showed me the site where the deer had been browsinq on
their property on a frequent basis. During the Forum, Dundee Nursery
requested that the City Council authorize a special hunting season in
order that the deer could be destroyed. The City staff was requested
to research this subject and bring back to the Council at the next
regular meeting on October 28, 1985, a recommendation.
At the October 28 meeting, the City staff recommended that a special
deer hunting season be authorized pursuant to City ordinance. Also,
this special season would be held in conjunction with the regular bow
and arrow deer season authorized in the State of Minnesota, and this
would be regulated with City Council policy. In order to do this, it
was recommended to the City Council that they authorize a revision to
the City Code, Section 930.01 (e), which would allow the City Manager
to issue permits in accordance with policies that he may, from time to
time, establish. There were numerous requirements set forth in the
policy relating to issuance of permits to hunt deer. Of utmost impor-
tance was acknowledging the safety of the general public when
considering other alternatives to the elimination of the deer
problem. The City Council passed the ordinance amendment and adopted
the policy relating to the issuance of permits to hunt deer.
At the next regular Council meeting held on November 4, 1985, the
entire subject matter was redeliberated. At that time, there was some
Plymouth residents who objected strenuously to the previous ordinance
change and policy adoption which would allow for deer to be destroyed
via a bow and arrow season. Prior to the November 4 Council meeting,
I directed Community Service Officer, Jane Laurence, to prepare a
report on the white tail deer population in Plymouth. This report was
completed on November 2, 1985 and copies delivered to the Council on
Sunday, November 3, 1985. This particular document pointed out the
Increasing population of deer within the City of Plymouth as well as
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - DEER TASK FORCE
May 30, 1986
Page two
reporting on available data relative to the number of motor vehicle/
deer collisions. It was during this Council meeting that emphasis was
placed upon the public safety matter of these collisions between
vehicles and deer. The Council then rescinded its previous action on
the ordinance and City policy, and directed the staff to prepare a
charge for a proposed task force to alleviate the twofold problem with
deer in the community. These two problems were identified as destruc-
tion of property, such as, agricultural crops, etc., and the public
safety matter between vehicles and deer.
At the December 16, 1985 City Council meeting, a recommendation was
made by staff to do the following three things: first, the task
force would consist of five members. These five members would be
Carole Busch, Dick Mulhollam, Jane Laurence, Dick Carlquist, and a
member of the City Council to be designated by the Council, (Council -
member Maria Vasiliou was chosen as the fifth member). Secondly, the
task force charge was to develop recommendations to safely, effec-
tively, and economically deal with the twofold problem caused by deer
in the community (i.e. the public safety problem, and the destruction
of private property problem). And, thirdly, it was recommended that
the staff assemble information already provided by Mrs. Busch as well
as city generated information, and that task force members would hold
approximately three meetings to reach some conclusion for a report
back to the City Council.
During the rest of December, 1985, and the following month, January, 1986, City staff was obtaining accident statistics involving deer/car
collisions. In addition to our own records, there were various
resources that kept these records. However, it must be pointed out
that there were no real agreement in numbers with any of the agencies
that we dealt with, such as Minnesota Department of Transportation,
Hennepin County Highway Department, Department of Natural Resources,
and our own incident complaint reports. As a result of this
confusion, we have now created a separate category for computer entry
on all vehicle, deer accidents in our community.
The first meeting of the task force was held on February 5, 1986.
After a brief orientation to our task force charge, we discussed the
problem -solving methodology that we would be using in this and future
meetings. We decided on the classical approach. This meant simply
that we would try to identify the problem as clearly as possible,
generate as many facts and assumptions during a brainstorming session,
look at as many possible solutions as we could, and finally, select
the best solution that would deal with the original task force
charge. During this meeting, what statistical reports we had compiled
were shared with other task force members. For instance, accident
reports and a spot map of the City of Plymouth indicating the previous
three years vehicle/deer collisions were noted. The bulk of this
meeting was concentrated on formulating a definition of the problem.
After considerable discussion, we agreed to the following definition:
The problem is the deer herd in Plymouth is increasing and the
available habitat is decreas ng." In short, the environment in
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - DEER TASK FORCE
May 30, 1986
Page three
Plymouth has been ideal for increasing the size of the deer herd; but,
at the same time, the herd is feeling the impact of a rapidly develop-
ing community.
The second meeting of the task force was held on March 5, 1986. It
was at this meeting that we tried to differentiate between facts and
assumptions surrounding our perception of the deer problem in
Plymouth. We listed fourteen facts and nine assumptions during this
brainstorming. A separate report on this task force meeting was sent
to the City Manager listing each of these facts or assumptions. At
this second meeting we also reviewed some statistics from the Depart-
ment of Natural Resources concerning their confiscation reports from
1978 through 1985 that occurred in the City of Plymouth. These
confiscation reports are made any time that a representative of DNR
either releases a deer to an individual or comes out to pick up a deer
carcass. The data that we received was incomplete because of a change
In recordkeeping by the DNR officials. However, it would appear that
the number of deer kills is generally on the increase.
The final meeting of the task force was held on April 9, 1986. Prior
to this meeting, as much information as possible was assembled from
various sources, such as, the LOGIN network, various wildlife manage-
ment professionals, and many articles obtained through the review of
the literature on this subject matter. Also, either Jane or myself
had received information through the mail from cities in the metro
area who are currently experiencing the same problem. Eight articles
from the professional literature on deer control were distributed to
the committee members and individually reviewed. The topics included
fencing, removal techniques, calculating food needs for white tail
deer, and the use of reflectors in reducing vehicle/deer collisions.
This literature was added to the literature provided by Mrs. Busch,
which concerned deer repellents and fencing.
All committee members were in favor of further exploring the subject
of reflectors for at least two of the highway crossings in Plymouth
that have shown for the past three years documented vehicle/deer
accidents. This recommended direction would be in pursuit of one of
the task force's original charges which was to address the public
safety matter of the deer problem. With regard to the deer destruc-
tion of agricultural and nursery crops, the task force decided on a
two prong approach. First, a vertical electric deer fence was found
to provide the most cost benefit analysis. It was acknowledged in the
article that this type of fence offers a low cost alternative to other
types of woven wire fences. In the event that the electric fencing is
not a viable option for the landowner, then the last "Prong" could be
considered by the City Manager. This last resort method would be to
request permission from the DNR to authorize a sharp shooter to
destroy the deer on the property in question. In such cases, the
destruction can take place outside of the normal deer hunting season.
The only requirement is the permission from the DNR and that the deer
be turned over to them for disposal.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - DEER TASK FORCE
May 30, 1986
Page four
Allowing the destruction of deer in this manner is similar in scope to
the special permits and use of firearm provisions currently allowed
under City Code for elimination of nuisance animals. The City Clerk
currently provides permits for persons on their own property for the
use of firearms for the destruction of crows, rabbits, skunks, or
similar small animals or birds which are a nuisance of which are caus-
ing damage or injury to trees or crops. The Clerk issues about three
of these permits a year. In practice, she notifies our department of
the request and I send out our firearms expert, Sergeant Dennis
Paulson, to survey the general area in which the firearms is to be
used and to report back to us his findings. In this manner we are
better able to control any possible misuse of this section of the City
Code. As I recall, the permits are usually given to farmers who have
a large amount of open space and a particular nuisance problem.
In summary, the task force is recommending that the wildlife warning
reflectors, commonly known as Swareflex reflectors, be strateg ca y
located at -two high incident spots In Plymouth.* And, that persons
growing agricultural and nursery stock as a business, be recte to
use the vertical electric deer fence as a preventative device. Only
when this -Fast recommen at on falls to minimize the problem cause y
deer consuming agricultural or nursery stock, should a -special permit
e Issued to destroy the deer on that property. Ad m I t t e 97y_,777e
problem with eer Tn our community is not going to be eliminated by
special permits. But, neither would it be eliminated if we tried to
be involved in wildlife management and establish special bow and arrow
hunting seasons in Plymouth. As our City continues to develop, the
deer population will be squeezed into smaller and smaller corridors
and open park areas. Some of the deer may migrate to the north and
west as they continue to seek better habitat. Yet, many or most of
the deer may Just adapt to a smaller environment. No matter what the
future scenario is, the public safety consideration of vehicle/deer
accidents is paramount. If the deer population in Plymouth was
treated in a laissez-faire manner and the ecological forces allowed to
take effect, there was consensus among the task force members that
some magic population number would represent a maximum. Facetiously
speaking, I do not believe this number would surpass the residential
population. And, I also think we will not have so many that we have
to construct separate pathways and other facilities for them! But,
the deer will more than likely continue to be a real as well as a
perceived problem to many. Yet, for the majority of the population of
Plymouth, they may be considered a resource adding to the quality of
life in Plymouth; and, one of the reasons they moved here in the first
place.
The spacing of Swareflex reflectors is approximately every 66 ft.
Reflectors are required on both sides of the road. An approximate
one-half mile of roadway at each of the two locations would have to
be marked. The total cost, including labor, would be approximately
6,500. Maintenance and weed control would add an additional $360
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
May 30, 1986
Page five
DEER TASK FORCE
per year. The two locations recommended are: Zachary Lane and Bass
Lake Road, and County Road 9 near Northwest Boulevard. It is quite
likely that the $6,500 figure is very conservative because one mile
of roadway may have to be marked at each location.
cc: Task Force Members
Councilmember Maria Vasiliou
Carole Busch
Dick Mulhollam
Jane Laurence -Cooper
1986
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STREET MAP -="=81
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SICLE S 7ANIMAL) MOTOR VEHICLE VS. MIMAL INCIDENT£
Y V SCALE OF MILES
P LYI UTI+ S
6 Y its iii ,9 r r ?:zr ( ii? to iltir!I1 1, vIIiII. 1 -i... te;xsq:i¢:ier6a3x..
t!i$i!?tg tlE$fti l i 3 lQi laga9$$$$$$$$$e$Q!$$9$$$$E$agg$gQ€F 86$l$$$$![
STREET MAP - e87
SWAREFLEX ANIMAL WARNING REFLECTORS:
Experimental area - County Road 10 between Zachary Lane and approximately
300 ft. east of Nathan Lane North.
Reflectors Installed: September 16, 1986
Reflectors Repositioned: 8/17/87 - 10/30/87
Motor Vehicle vs. Animal Cases:
1986 - Total Incidents: 18
Incidents after installation: 13
Incidents after dark: 7
11/06 2125
11/11 - 2114
11/15 2008
12/01 - 0606
12/09 0621
12/12 - 1830
12/22 1748
1987 - Total Incidents: 8
Incidents after dark: 1
01/21 - 0105
1988 - Total Incidents: 5
Incidents after dark: 4
01/11 - 1812
01/11 - 1849
02/03 - 2340
04/17 - 2126
HENNEPIN
PARKS
Suburban Hennepin
Regional Park District
12615 County Road 9
PC Box 41320
Plymouth, MN 55441
Telephone (612) 559-9000
Board of Commissioners
David Lallooho
Chair
Golden Valley
Shirley A. Bonine
Vice Chair
Maple Plain
Judith S. Anderson
Bloomington
Robert L. Ellingson
Brooklyn Center
Nicholas Eolotl
Robbinsdole
Mona H. Moede
Golden Valley
Neil Weber
Mound
Vern J. Hartenburg
Superintendent &
Secretary to the
Board
no j'gj%'j%%
fEB 1 "
mop
00 ow,
Dick Carlquist
Plymouth City Hall
3400 Plymouth Boulevard
Plymouth, Minnesota 55441
Dear Mr. Carlquist:
February 23, 1988
Enclosed is a map showing the result of the 1988 winter deer
census of Plymouth. The survey was flown on February 10, 1988.
We had an actual count of 255 deer. We included deer seen in the
southern part of Maple Grove because they are essentially all
part of the Plymouth population. A few deer were in eastern
Corcoran and Medina which could be considered as part of the
Plymouth population, but we had to draw the line somewhere. We
believe we counted at least 75 percent of the deer in the
Plymouth population.
Hennepin Parks has flown parts of Plymouth and Maple Grove in
the past. Unfortunately, we have not consistently flown the same
area, so a direct comparison of numbers is difficult. I have
outlined a central core area on the second enclosed map, and I
have estimated what I believe would have been the actual count
not the total population) for this area for each year based on
what we did fly. My estimated counts for the delineated area are:
Year Estimated count
1981 80
1982 130
1983 154
1984 195
1985 no survey
1986 no survey
1987 no survey
1988 255
The results of this survey could be taken as both good news
and bad news. Which is which depends on your point of view. The
deer herd in Plymouth and the immediate surrounding area is at an
all-time high in 1988. However, the rate of growth is not as
rapid as it was in the early 1980's. Residential and commerical
development in Plymouth and Maple Grove may be reducing habitat
to the point where it is beginning to have an impact on the deer
herd. I must emphasize the word may. Since the winter of
1986-87 was without snow, deer stayed spread out in their normal
C".,
Mr. Dick Carlquist
Plymouth City Hall
Page 2
February 23, 1988
summer habitat. Deer -car collisions continued to occur at a high
rate throughout the winter. Most of the areas we surveyed in
1988 showed a decrease in numbers from 1986, possibly due to
increased highway mortality. The same may be true in Plymouth.
The increase in the deer herd in Plymouth between 1984 and
1988 was as large an increase as was seen anywhere. Lack of data
from 1985 through 1987 prevents a more detailed assessment. The
area between Highways 9 and 47 has as high a deer density as any
place of comparable size that we have surveyed.
The survey took 2.5 hours at $130 per hour. Please submit a
check for $325.00, made payable to Hennepin Parks, to Pat Sheetz,
Hennepin Parks, 12615 County Road 9, P. 0. Box 41320, Plymouth,
MN 55441. I hope this letter can serve as an invoice. Let me
know if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
L. N. Gillette
Wildlife Manager
LNG:ab
Enclosures
527
Attddk-,
6fa
IXODE S. .
r --
DA ]VI
k
4 Y
y
tick bite wrecked
one woman's
health and life
for more than
six years
before doctors
diagnosed
Lyme disease
Symptoms of Lyme disease
are varied, irregular and unpredictable
These are some of the afflictions of
just one woman, Linda Hanner,
over a 6'/2 -year period:
a -G
I WAS LIKE A
CAGED ANIMAL'
Disorientation, fatigue,
dizziness, confusion,
severe headaches,
depression, general
weakness, fainting
i Numbness
on the left
side of the face
Inflammation
in the lungs,
chest pains,
shortness of breath
Photo$ by Tom Sweeney
For 61/2 years Linda Hanner suffered
through a chamber of medical horrors.
Finally the culprit was discovered:
a deer tick. The ailment: Lyme disease.
By George Monaghan
E
ven though it was seven
years ago, Linda Hanner
rerriembers the day clearly.
It was a good day. She had
worked hard all day, and
then toward evening she had mowed
the lawn out back of her home near
Maple Plain and cooked dinner for
her husband and four children. From
her kitchen she could hear the goat
in the barn, see the ducks in the
yard. She could look out over the
rolling countryside and now and
then watch deer grazing by the back
fence.
She felt so good she got on her
bike that evening and rode to Rock-
ford five miles away and back again.
It surprised her. She couldn't stop
herself. She was always moving, al-
ways busy.
But that wasn't what, made the
day different. What made the day
different was what happened later on
when she awoke one morning.
She got up feeling a way she had
never felt before, disoriented, fa-
tigued, a little dizzy and confused.
She could hardly make it through
the day. She didn't feel any better
the next day, either, and a few days
later she noticed that the left side of
her face was numb, as if she had a
shot of Novocain.
It set off her good day by sheer
contrast.
That was just the beginning.
It was as if her body jammed into
reverse, spinning her life out of con-
trol and dragging her and her family
through a chamber of medical misery
in which her torments were blamed
variously on a viral infection, a brain
tumor, multiple sclerosis, mononu-
cleosis, arthritis, lupus, inflamma-
tion of the nerves, meningitis, severe
depression, Huntington's chorea, a
Parkinsonian variety of disease, Ep-
stein-Barr virus, heart trouble, sexu-
al frustration and, when nothing else
seemed to fit, mental problems.
She was to see 29 physicians, in-
cluding several psychiatrists, six
neurologists, three internists, a gyne-
cologist and two urologists. At vary-
ing times she was taking 20 different
Repetitive and uncontrollable
jerking of muscles,
impaired function
of the right leg
larger monti-ms of the tick
eaow-risk months for tick bites are in midwinter, when last year's adults are
xmant. Moderate risk begins in the spring, when last year's adults become
five, and nymphs start to emerge. The highest risk is in midsummer, when the
tmphs become active. Moderate risk
ntinues through the autumn
hen adults remain active.
Moderate ,.. _ m A°* z Moderate risk
risk - r
k
Low risk =mss
AN. I FEB. MAR. APRIL MAY JUNE JtJL.`(I AUG. SEPT. (JCT NOV DEC
cc/Pfizer Central Research
ie disease spun Hanner's body out of control.
licines including sleeping pills
depressants, drugs to keep her
teles from repetitive and uncon-
table jerking, and prednisone to
I down inflammation. She had to
a wheelchair when getting
ind became difficult for her.
wise she tried to commit suicide.
e she was locked in a hospital
ling room with nothing but a bed
four white walls.
ler problems came and went in
redictable peaks and valleys for
next seven years, and there were
es she figured she really was cra-
and that she'd be spending the
of her life in a mental institution
if not that, in a wheelchair.
Her husband of 20
years. Kim. a cabi-
netmaker and cus-
tom furniture fin-
isher, has a hard
time talking about
those days. He
would like to forget
the whole thing.
Linda Hanner can't.
She's a compact lit-
tle bird of a woman,
40 now, with soft,
wavy, blond hair
and sharply de-
fined features and -*
quick blue eyes as
clear as ice, and
when she tells of tier
medical odyssey sh
hardly knows where to
Start.
In the beginning
hardly anyone else
knew either. But peo-
ple were learning.
Just about the time
Linda Hanner was at
the end of her tether, they were
finding out. What they were finding
was that Linda Hanner was not
alone. There were, perhaps, hun-
dreds of other Linda Hanners
around Minnesota in one degree or
another and many multiples of her
around the rest of the country. And
in all likelihood what they were find-
ing was nothing new. It may have
been there for years, possibly being
misdiagnosed in one way or another.
If Linda Harmer had known she
could have looked _out_ her tc en
window and have seen part of the
problem right there—_ the deer -gran--
ing in the field of Lake Rebecca Park
Reserve behind her house. Deer car-
ry_tf.c ks I
Linda's story
begins with
them.
The Lich,_tl1_Qt_1rancmits the -Borrelia s
burgdorferi spinxrhete Lo emans is
the Lcodes danimini .fdeer loch) 7t is
y srn.^.11er than the rornmon do{ tick to `` rPf`
01
comparison actual site {s sliq i ri irx 11 ie
itlustrntior)_1ttad.eeds on•-mtce,...birds '-;
raccoons, dogs, deer, horses and hu s
hiaiis. Adults iittricli'tlieiiiselues tri large
hosts—usually white-tailed deer—
where they mate. The males then die,
but females continue to feed to obtain
protein for egg development. The tich's life cycle lasts two
years, and at all stages it feeds on: humans and other
animals.
When an Ixodes dammini has sucked blood it swells to
several times its normal size. The nymph is so tiny that it is
almost invisible. The bite il- cat. paiafut,-but-if ti4"ick-is--
infected with $prrochetes it may transmit them to tttehody.
A Tek bile does not ahuays_ result in Lyme disease.
ne
day, 0 probably
right arou)" nd
that day late in July
1981, as she worked in her garden
behind the house and was telling
herself how great it was to be so full
of life, a tiny tick got on her akin and
started crawling for a warm spot on
her body.
For her, that was nothing unusual.
She had been picking ticks off her-
self and her kids for years. They
lived, after all, out in the country
among wildlife some 20 miles west of
the Twin Cities, on a few acres .that
used to be a farm. Now there are a
few houses along the road, and a big
part of the land has be- ,
come a wildlife park, an
island of nature in a spreading urban
sea.
Most likely she was in her garden.
Whenever she had a chance, and she
wasn't working in her business—
contract housecleaning around the
area—she was working in her gar-
den, days at a time if she had the
chance. A little tick must have
crawled up her leg. Only this wasn't
just a common wood tick that swells
grotesquery drops QC> ..and-leax.es a
Lyme continued on page 8
Illustrations and graphics by Eddie Thomas
r --rte a,
egos iter Lira nanners. rrom lett, in front: Jason, Linda and Jennifer. Rear: Jonathan, Jeremiah and Kim.
T_G
Lyme
continued from page
little welt and pesters all varieties of
mammalian life.
This was what has become known
innocently as a deer tick, a tiny cousin
of the wood tick, that in the eves of
many scientists these days has grown
into a monster.
Even its name has the ring of the
devil in it: Ixodes dammini.
The damage it can do was .reported
first-in-1915._in_ y-rue`(rgnn.., in a
medical case that was as mysterious
then to the town of Lyme as Linda
Hanner's was to her and her doctors
six years later.
ecause there were
no deer there were
no cases.... But then
we instituted laws to
control hunting, and the
population started
coming hack, and now
we are having a full
resurgence, and Lyine
disease is on the rise.
Russell C. Johnson
Microbiologist
A resident, Polly Murray, liked to
watch white-tailed deer from her win-
dow too. She started worrying when
she and family members began suffer-
ing from unexplained illnesses more
than a dozen years ago. She was. in
fact, hospitalized for some of the same
symptoms Linda Hanner developed,
and her sons had paralyzed face mus-
cles and swollen joints. Doctors said it
was juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
She and her family weren't alone.
Others around Lyme had similar prob-
lems. They began keeping count. They
began calling skate health officials with
their findings, fevers and skin rashes
and swollen joints and nervous disor-
ders. Doctors didn't take them serious-
ly at first. Dermatologists weren't in-
terested in -the swollen joints; infec-
tious -disease doctors didn't much care
about arthritic symptoms.
Fact was, the town had a cluster of
50 cases with the symptoms of juvenile
rheumatoid arth, itis. 'That's more
than 10,000 tiro, s higher than normal,
and that aroused the interest of .Allen
C. Steere, a rheumatologist at the Yale
University School of Medicine. He_ex-
amined the notebooks kept by the
Lyme mothers and interviewed victims
who recalled that they had angry red
rashes shaped a litt.le like doughnuts
t hat spreadstut from the center.
Itwas, he found, similar to a rash
described first in Europe in 19179 and
called erythenzo chronicum migrans,
which means a chronic red rash that
migrates. It comes from tick bites.
Steere also examined a tick itself, a
victim saved one that wasn'tmuch
bigger than a pinhead, a dark brown
and hard -bodied little speck.
Steere and David Syndman, then
acting state epidemiologist. in Con-
necticut, wrote the first article telling
of the symptoms of Lyme in the medi-
cal literature in the United States.
Acouple of years later, Synd-
man called a former class-
mate at Tufts University,
Christian Schrock, now epz-
derniologist and director of infectious
diseases at North Memorial Medical
Center in Robbinsdale.
You ought_to be, okng for Lyme
disease out there_because-you've-got: a
lot 6f tic s" Schrock recalls him say-
ing. Then, Schrock said, "I went home
and looked up this one case I had here,
it case with a lot of problems after a
tick bite, and he had the same rash
and chorea and Bell's paralysis and
arthritis. He filled the definition."
That was in 1977. Schrock pub-
lished an article on the case, the first
diagnosed in Minnesota.
About the same time, a leading au-
thority on ticks, Andrew Spielman of
the Harvard School of Public Health,
identified the guilty tick as a deer tick,
which had been named 1. dammini,
after a retired colleague of Spielman's,
Gustave Dammin. Dammin later
caught the disease himself.
Work on the disease was just begin-
ning.
What did the tick do that caused all
the trouble?
In 1981 an entomologist and inter.
nationally known authority on tick
diseases at the Rocky Mountain Lab-
oratories in Hamilton, Mont., Willy
Burgdorfer, found the answer. A fatal
case of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
had been transmitted by a dog tick off
the coast of eastern Long Island in
New York. It was fall, and the tick
that causes the fever wasn't found, so
health authorities collected the little
deer ticks instead and sent them to
Burgdorfer.
In most cases entomologiiLs exam -
Lyme continued on page 10
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i. 0
Lyme
continue ti from page 9
ine a tick by tearing off a leg, then
squeezing out some of its internal fluid
on a slide and putting it under the
microscope to look for bacteria. Burg-
dorfer didn't find the bacteria that
cause spotted fever, but by chance he
saw a parasite that interested him. He
dissected the tick to examine its diges-
tive: tract.
What he found was a sunrise. Tlte_
tick:&.gut was _teeming with lgng_cork_
i ew pirochete _bacteria. Burgdorfer
put 2 and 2 together. Sproc..hetes__
didn't cause Rocky... Mountain -fever.
Ticlts arried Lyme.disease.
What he had was a strong yme
suspe6t a coiled unicellular creature so
small it passes through laboraEory fil
ters designed W trap bacteria.
To pin down the suspicion, serum
samples from Lyme patients were sent
to Burgdorfer, and he tested them for
the presence of antibodies to the spiro-
chetes. The results were positive. In-
fected ticks were allowed to feast on
the shaved skin of albino rabbits. The
same kind of rash appeared. Live spi-
rochetes were found.
bout a year after Linda Han-
ner was bitten in Maple
Plain, spirochetes had been
isolated from the blood and
cerebrospinal fluid of Lyme victims.
In Minneapolis, Russell C. Johnson,
a microbiologist who has been study-
ing spirochetes for 22 years at. the
University of Minnesota School of
Medicine; studied the spirochete DNA.
That pinned the tick down even more.
He found it was a new species of an old
genus of spirochetes that includes
syphilis. It is called borrelia, and in
honor of Willy Burgdorfer, it was
named Burrelia burgdorferi.
Johnson's laboratory also isolated
the spirochete in laboratory animals—
hamsters, in this instance. That en-
abled researchers to begin testing anti-
biotics that could be used to tight it.
i What makesburgdorferi so difficult,.
j JOEinsun _says,._ ii__}hat_it--Xlfiy $nd
difficult to isolate.,_Once it -gets --into
the bloodstream, it moves. out -in -all
directions. Its proliferation goes on,.('pr.
years. Johnsonhas found it. -in- the
eyes, the brain, the liver, cerebral spi-
nal fluid and testes of various mam-
mals. Its effects come.and go if never
treated. It never leaves.
Unfortunately, lie says, science isn't
T called the
I doctor )Jack
and told him I was
really scared, and
lie said he was
sorry, You've got
too many
symptoms, and
you ought to call a
psychiatrist. ` He
didn't want to talk
about it anymore. "
Linda Hanner
too sure about what it does to a body
once it gets in. Is it poisonous or
something? Science isn't sure. What it
knows for sure is the body's reaction.
Burgdorferi simply drives its defenses
wild - ,n many people: TW reaction it-
self helps produce symptoms.
11 How the deer tick gets it isn't that
clear either. It may get it from whits -
footed mice, for instance, but science
isn't sure whether the mouse gives it to
the tick or vice versa. Its larvae bite
birds and rodents and people, and al-
though the adult phase doesn't feed on
rodents, it does feed on people, dogs,
cats, raccoons, horses, cattle and, most
likely, any other medium or large
mammal that happens to pass close by.
Deer, although they don't develop
the same ill effects as people, are one
of the happiest feeding grounds for the
dammini tick. They're easy pickings.
The tick simply grabs onto its head as
the deer grazes through the brush.
luhnstm has seen deer heads with
many as 250 ticks in various sta,,,,
ohnson thinks the deer is one
the reasons _fhe_tick-iias_ spread
Tieginning on the East Coast an
spreading west so that by now „- i'
iteaviesfu,fesfatwhsj with -80 perces
of`Ziie nafion s known cases, occur i
seven - states- Massachusetts, Rhot
Island, Connecticut, New York ar
New Jersev in the East and Minneso'
and Wisconsin in the Midwe.C. Johi
son thinks it is just a matter of tin
until it spreads over the whole countr
OnP phismnetguomtedstatee,;
in the ast few years is t.h t _ i,f
weren t or AADS tacguirqdi.q,mw
deficiencysyndrome , Lypiedisra
wtstilc7"-be he iggest:_,ppt>is:,-hea1!
problem-iii-thi nation. He stands 1
that.
K reason for the spread of Lyme
t11.. a B * !n^ PELS1ACe_'-U7
War I f .
The tick is spreading," Johns,
says, "we know that. It wasn't alwa
that way. Back in the 1800s, when 0
environment for deer was ideal alw
the East Coast, people demolished t'.
entire population. Same thing ha
pened in southern Wisconsin. Th,
brought out people from Chicago, a,
they'd shoot sometimes 10,000 in
day. They were doing it to promo
development, and because there we
no deer there were no cases. The san
thing happened in Europe, only the
the population of deer was killed ,
for meat in World War I1.
j3ut-theRwe-institutedlaws_to_co
trol hunting,_and the population sues
ed_coming back_ano_now._we...are.ha
ing a full resurgence, and Lyme disen
is.on.theilse."
Tl,er"re-places-in-westeinWisco
sin, he says, where 80 percent .of. t
ant. wh,te-foote c mice...G_ -
the deer`aveIthespirochete. 0
woman 'frVmi No ih-CFaWhas a hor
in that part of the state, and recent
she brought Johnson three plastic ba
filled with ticks, 10 from her, 653 fro
her puppy and 401 from her ad,
dogs.
And these were adult ticks,"
says. "The nymphs are too small f
most people W see."
n Minnesota there have been fe
er that. 100 cases a year sin
Christian Schrock at North N'
moria! Medical Center diagno.,
the first case in the stats and report
it in 1977.
It wasn't until last fall, when Lin•
Lyme continued on page 12
Lyme
1100inue1 I 1'r, in page 10
Hanner saw Schrock on television,
talking about the Epstein-Barr syn-
drome—a viral disease similar to
mononucleosis- that the medical com-
munity began to zero in on her partic-
ular ailments that began that day in
July as she worked in her yard.
Somewhere in the yard, a female
dununini was lurking, its back legs
gripping a leaf of grass or a weed or a
twig, its front ones reaching out. like a
pro wrestler waiting for a victim to
come close.
Linda couldn't have seen it, even
once it was on Iter. Unless it was an
adult, it was too small. Even an adult
would probably look more to her like a
speck of dirt. The nymph, the midlife
stage of a tick, is smaller than that,
and the infant, or larva, isn't much
bigger than a grain of finely ground
pepper.
When Linda carne by, it could tell
because it senses carbon dioxide in
quantities so small they've never been
measured. Linda was exhaling it. That,
combined with a little butyric acid
from sweat, was a sure sign that dinner
was on the way.
The sequence probably went some-
thing like this:
Linda passes by.
The tick grabs her with outreached,
barb -covered legs.
It begins creeping on her skin.
Then, once aboard, it begins its
search, feeling for tiny warm spots,
smelling for blood.
It searches about a half-hour, then
finds the tender spot where the skin is
thin, an earlobe, say. It feels the heat
from nearby blood, senses the carbon
dioxide given off by warm blood.
Dinner is ready.
The operation begins.
It's done by a master, with chemis-
try and sharp instruments. This is how
Ulrike Munderlow, an entomologist at
the University of Minnesota and a
specialist in ticks and tick habits, de-
scribes what happens next:
The tick anchors itself solidly to the
surface with two segmented jaws
equipped with claws and adhesive
pads. When it takes hold, it cuts into
the skin with a serrated spear between
its jaws that under a microscope looks
a little like a chain saw.
Once it saws its way in and finds the
capillary, some tricky tick chemistry
goes to work. It begins secreting a
cement to hold it in so tight a victim
has to pull the tick off to get rid of it,
and even Hien the spear remains in the
capillary and often has to be cut out
surgically.
Then the real work begins, meal-
time. For Lite youngest and smallest
HOW TO AVOID TICK BITES
When you are in tick
habitat (grassy, brushy or
woodland areas), several
precautions can minimize your
chances of being bitten by a tick.
Tuck your pant legs, into your "
socks. Tuck your shirt into your.
pants. Deer ticks grab onto feet and
legs and then climb,up. This
precaution will keep them on the
outside of your clothes, where they
can be spotted and picked off.
Wear light-colored clothing.
Dark ticks can be spotted most
easily against a light background.
Inspect your clothes for ticks
often while in tick habitat. Have a
companion inspect your back.
Wear repellents, applied
according to label instructions.
Application to shoes, socks, cuffs
and pant -legs is'most effective
against deer ticks.
Inspect your head and body
thoroughly when you get in from "
the field. Have a companion check
your back, or use a mirror.
0 When working in tick habitat
on a regular basis, do not wear
work clothing home. This will
reduce the chances of bringing -
ticks home and exposing family
members.
WHAT TO DO IF
BITTEN BY A TICK
Remove the tick as soon as
possible. The easiest method
is to grasp the tick with fine
tweezers, as`near to the skin as you
can, and gently pull it out. You may
want to save :the :tick in a small jar
for later identi$cation. Check to
see whether the mouth parts bmke
off in the wound. If they did, seek
medicalattention to"get them
removed., If you get any symptoms
of Lyme disease in the following
week to several months, see a
physician immediately. Be sure to
tell; the doctor that you were bitten
by a tick. A blood test can help
determine if you have'beer. exposed
to Lyme disease.
From a National Park Service
broehure
y whole body would jerk
f uncontrollably. My foot would
pull in sharply. ... We were getting
used to those things."
Linda Hanner
deer tick, the larva, that takes only a
day. For the adolescent, the nymph, it
takes a couple of days, and for the
adult it takes a full work week, five
days.
When it's full, the tick is about three
times bigger than when it began. But
even then it has more work to do. It
has to get back out again. To do that,
it goes back to chemistry. it secretes a
substance to dissolve the cement an-
choring it in place.
That takes a half-hour more. 'Then
the tick removes itself and drops to the
ground. If it's an adult, it lays its eggs,
and the whole tick life cycle, one that
lasts two years, begins again.
Linda Hanner was free of the tick.
Then the spirochete went to work. She
began feeling its effects several days
later when she awoke feeling uncharac-
teristically down. She couldn't get her-
self in focus for the rest of the day.
By the end of a couple of weeks, the
spirochetes were multiplying, moving
through the blood to other parts of the
body, heading for the joints, the cen-
tral nervous system.
hat bothered Linda, in
the beginning, was not be-
ing able to pull out of it
after being so fit. Only
once in her life, in 1978 when she was
under a lot of stress, had she ever
experienced a prolonged depression
that required medical care.
This was different. She wasn't under
a lot of stress; her life was going along
smoothly. She was 33 years old, con-
stantly active with friends and in
church, always busy working, and her
health was good.
As the week progressed, and the
spirochetes invaded the nervous sys-
tem, and the body's immunological
system reacted against them, the left
side of her face went Novocain -numb.
The urge to urinate wouldn't leave.
In four days she saw her doctor. He
thought il. was a virus, and four days
later, when the symptoms intensified,
she called back. He told her tier, we:c
several possibilities fur such . pers;
tent problem: multiple scierosis,
nerve inflrunmat.ion, tumors, a hraio
tumor and, finally, a neurosis that, she
figured. he mentioned because of th.-
depression she had had three ycar<
before.
He advised blood tests. A week ant:
a half later the results were in: Every-
thing they checked for in blood tests in
those days was normal. One of the
things they weren't checking for way
Lyme disease. They didn't know ho%%
to look for it, anyway, but with Linda
they had no reason to. There -was --no
characteristic red doughnut rash. Like
riinSt cases niTytts€'dis"eiise.:there net -
er had been. In fact, she couldn't recal:
a iick bite.
After the testa showed nothing, her
health went from bad to worse, follow-
ing some of the symptoms of the sec-
ond phase of Lyme disease.
I was really getting scared now,"
she said. "I started getting weak spells.
I'd collapse right in the middle of the
floor, and so i called the doctor back
and told him I was really scared, and
he said he was sorry, 'You've got too
many symptoms, and you ought to call
a psychiatrist.' He didn't want to talk
about it anymore.
But the pain was getting worse. i
stayed home from work another week,
and I had no idea what to do or who to
call. We tried to call a neurologist, but
they told us you have to be referred to
a neurologist., and so finally my hus-
band called our doctor back, and this
time he put me in the hospital for a
few days."
Multiple sclerosis was suspected by
then, and Hanner said that actuall%-
relieved her. "I'd read up on multiple
sclerosis, and I knew it went into re- "
mission after a while, and sit I told
myself, 'Fine, go home and wait for it.
to go into remission.' It didn't alarm
me at all, but it did my friends.
Everyone said I should rest with
MS, and so I always had friends and
relatives coming over to do the house-
work, and if I'd come out to help,.
they'd all tell me to get back into bed,
so that part was kind of nice."
The nice part didn't last long. A
week after she was out of the hospital,
new symptoms developed. Her right
leg began to drag, the result again of
the struggle between her body defenses
and the spirochete that was now pro-
ducing an inflammation possibly of the.
brain itself or the blood vessels, which
restricted the flow of blood to the
brain.
One part of the brain controls lc;
movements. That part was now in-
volved.
Later, Linda would develop inflam-
mation in her lungs.
As the disease advances through the
body, symptoms continually come and
mw ilariil7, unexpectedly, another
tlinR unexplainably dormant.
Since Ihe.budy-is producing antigens
andreactive cells to fight the spiro-
i bete, symptdrnls can show -up in -many
places and many times and at _often
unpredictable intervals. In Linda's
case she began feeling it in the heart
and hunks too.
Ii August, Linda went to see a
neurologist, and he ordered a se-
ries of neuroltkical._tests,-tv_znani-
1 orr brain wares and visual and
auditory responses, and he told her one
thing he was 16oking for -was a_. -brain
Lun]or.
He told me it wasn't a tumor to
worry about, and the tests would be
back in three weeks, and so I had three
weeks to wonder:... They went by
pretty fast, but 1 developed this pain in
my head then, just like something was
stuck in it, a rod or something, just
stuck there."
To aid in the diagnosis of multiple
sclerosis, she said, she was given a
spinal tap. Within 12 hours she devel-
oped what she described as the worst
headache of her life, so bad it disabled
her. She couldn't move her head, and
for two full weeks she got out of bed
only to relieve herself. Her doctor told
her to take Tylenol. Tylenol didn't
help.
When the spinal tap failed to show
evidence of multiple sclerosis, a psy-
chiatrist was advised. She went W him.
He listened to me for an hour and
said, 'Well, I can't tell whether your
problems are psychological or not.' He
patted me on the hack and told me he
really thought my problem was sexual
frustration and said we can give you
some antidepressants, and maybe they
can help.
I said. 'No. I'm not depressed. I'm
sick,' and I left."
She went to another neurQlvgist,
then a psychologist, took psychological
tests (all showed normal), then the
neurologist again. By this time he was
losing his patience. At one point, as
she recalls, he told her, "Well, what do
you want me to do, cut open your
head?"
It went on like that all summer:
head pains, chest pains, shortness of
breath, no strength, involuntary
spasms, her limp. And for the next two
years her life was a story of this ail-
ment or that, coming and going and
coming back again.
She was beginning to have doubts
about her sanity and would lie in bed
fur hours at night trying to figure out
what was wrong. Her husband was
patient. Her kids were frightened. She
was often awake all night, and the kids
would gel up in the morning and get
Lyme continued un page 14
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LymeLyme
rontinued from page 1;;
ready for school without making, a
sound.
That was her life until earl s• in 1964.
She began having "hizarre we spells
where I'd just start collapsing. Ah
whole body would jerk uncontrollably.
My foot would pull in sharply. One
night we were watching television, and
my foot pulled in, and 1 said, 'Kim.
look at this,' and then my head felt
funny, and he laid me on the floor, and
my whole body started jerking, like. I
was having a convulsion.... But we
didn't get shook up by it. We were
getting used to those things. I was
getting numb to everything. I didn'(
like it, but I didn't get shook by it.
So in spitz: of the jerking around I
on the third day the
aching went
away. The jerking went
away. My walking was
better. 1 went out and
walked a mile."
Linda Hanner
could get up and do things in the
kitchen, and the kids would get the
giggles because it looked so funny, and
Jennifer (her 14 -year-old daughter)
thought I looked like a chicken walk-
ing, and we all got to laughing over it."
More inconclusive tests were made,
and once more her doctor was saying it
was a psychological problem, and so,
after three years, she was back to
square one again.
She was beginning to grasp at
straws. Once she heard about nervous
disorders caused by goat's milk, and so
she stopped drinking milk from her
goat.
n April 1984, Linda Hanner put
herself under the care of Dr.
Christian Schrock at North Me-
morial Medical Center, and by
January 1985 she was back in the
hospital for five days under the care of
another neurologist for tests designed
to find the cause of her chorea spasms.
She was also tested for lupus and dis-
eases similar to it.
Just.before,.she_was to leave a_hospi-
tal aide _same_.in._and_sa2 wait, they
needed.a little blood for_one.more-test,
Lyme disease. That was a new one
e-even- for Linda ---Hunner. She went
home and looke'-d up in her expand-
ing medical library.
She found nothing.
And in subsequent visits to physi-
cians, no mention of it was made to
her because, as she was to learn later.
the state had so little laith In r
the accuracy of serological
tests for L)'nte disease that no
tests were completed.
In Februan•, to control her
spasms, a different medicine
was prescribed: prednisone,
all anti-intlanunntury drug.
It worked.
Her symptoms disap•
peared. But it worked so well
it made her euphoric.
When she was told to cut
down the dosage, she began
developing frightening mood
swings. She didn't sleep. She
paced the floor. She said she
felt as if she were being
plunged into a pit. Her hus-
band took her t.o stay for a
week with her mother, Mar- j
ion Kaspar, in Deephaven.
She hadn't slept for four
nights. Then, one Sunday
night, she tried to snake din-
ner and couldn't.. Her hus-
band told her to go to bed.
I went into the bath-
room," she said, "and found
an old razor blade and cut my
wrists."
The next week she spent in
the psychiatric ward in North
Memorial Medical Center.
When she was released, she
game home with four bottles
of medicine, including a bot-
tle full of sleeping pills, anti-
depressants and a couple of
varieties of tranquilizers.
S'he tells what happened a
week later:
During that week i took
the medications, and we went
hock to the doctor and said
the medicine wasn't having
any effect. and I was getting
worse, not better, and I was
feeling out of control, very
agitated, and 1 couldn't sit
still for a second, and the only
time I was out was when I
took the sleeping medicine.
Then I'd be out for five hours,
and then I'd just snap to,
wide awake, and my mind
would be consumed with sui-
cidal thoughts. They domi-
nated me, really. It was cold
outside, and I thought if I
went out far enough in the
park I could freeze to death,
and no one would find sue.
I was like a caged animal.
The kids kept trying to hug
me, and, [ couldn't respond,
and in my mind I thought
there was nothing they could
do for me. it was the day after
Easter. I took the bottle of
pills that afternoon. Kim got
home about 7 and found me
socked out and knew some-
thing was wrong."
Next thing, Linda was in
the Metropolitan Medical
enter in a holding room
with 111106119 but a heti and
four walls and a locked bath-
room to look ret.. She would be
there for three weeks, and,
she said, "it scared the living
daylights out of my husband.
i began to really think I
was crazy. They were right all
hese years. i really thought I
would be spending the rest of
my life in a mental institu-
tion."
iter about I0
months. most of
her symptoms went
away, and life was
getting back to normal. Then
bladder pressure returned.
Then the aching back. Then
the chorea. One night the
family was watching televi-
sion, and she started having
chorea spasms. Her husband
was so exasperated he got up
and walked out. The kids
started crying. She didn't
know what to do.
Once again, visits to a neu-
rologist. Once again, more
tests. Once again, more medi-
cine to control the spasms.
But now there was a differ-
ence. She found it difficult to
walk without losing her
breath. She couldn't even
make it around the grocery
store. And so the cycle of doc-
tors and tests began again,
this time at the Mayo Clinic.
An electric neurostimulator
was attached to her side, and
it controlled the jerking
spasms even though they
hadn't been diagnosed. Later
a wheelchair was prescribed.
By spring, 1987, she said,
i thought I was heading for
full-time use of the wheel-
chair."
Chen one evening she saw
Schrock on television talking
about Epstein-Barr syn-
drome. She hadn't heard of
that before, and her focus
shifted. She called tier neu-
rologist, Dr. John Witik of
Bloomingon, and he suggest-
ed tests for both Epstein-Barr
and Lyme disease, and when
she told hint she'd already
been Iested for Lyme she
learned for the first time the
test had never been run.
That got my hopes up,"
she . tid. "Maybe. it really was
Lyme."
SheJia,& jusLxead_abs uL_a
woman in Plvmouth, Sandra
Weiri terl whose syii{itoms
were remarkah31sibiHar- to--
hers:-Fvcn tier early digg:
noses were sniitlar.
St, once more Linda Him-
ner was tested for Lyme. The
test showed she had a low
level of spirochete antibodies
in her blood, indicating she
had been bitten _byi a deer
tick. But. it was enough. The
family was happy to spend
ithout $2,000 for the treat-
ment.with an antibiotic called
ceftriaxone generically.. and
Rocephin commercially,
The way it works is simple.
It's intrayenaus,_j,t-gets into
tie central nervous__system
where. -the spirochete is. caus-
ing so..much_ haves:. -Then- it
kills the spirochete and elimi-
nates it from the body.
The most l hoped for with
it, ' Linda said, "was that: it
would stop the progression of
the disease, because the arti-
cles I read on it said if' the
symptom: lasted too long
they might be irreversible. So
I didn't expect reversal.
But. on the third (lily the
aching went away. The jerk-
ing went away. My walking
was better. I went out and
walked it mile. By Thanksgiv-
ing the symptoms were all
gone. I was back to normal."
On Dec. 16, 1987, Schrock
wrote Witik a letter. It said in
part:
The patient had a rather
remarkable response, and
within a few days developed a
lessening and then a complete
stoppage of her choreoform
movements.-
I
ovement ."
I had to pinch myself,'
said Linda Hanner.
Once again she's health
and energetic. Once agait
she's planning a big garde:
and working lots of overtitr,,
on her new job at the weekly
newspapers in Delano an,
Rockford.
Now there's somethint
new, though. She's writing i
book. It's called "Of Powe:
and Love," after a verse it
the Bible, and it's abou!
hanging in there when lift
gets tough.
George lllonaghan is a Sta.
Tribune slit £! writer.
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